高齡者主、客觀身體活動差異與下肢肌肉指標之關聯性

Abstract

高齡者的身體活動量可能因為個體的主觀認知與實際情況有所差異，若個體對於身體活動量的認知不足，可能會影響其健康生活型態。故本研究旨在探討國內高齡者主、客觀身體活動差異及對下肢肌肉指標之關聯。本研究採便利取樣選取臺北市、宜蘭縣高齡者社區據點的高齡者作為研究對象，人數共計159人。運用IPAQ國際身體活動量表、三軸加速規及身體組成分析儀作為研究工具，測量其主觀與客觀身體活動量及不同身體活動量強度，包含：「輕度」、「中強度」及「高強度」身體活動，探討其與高齡者的下肢肌肉指標，包含：「下肢肌肉量」、「腿部肌肉分數」與「下肢相位角」之關聯性。本研究以成對樣本t檢定、多元線性迴歸方法進行分析。研究結果顯示，高齡者呈現低估其輕度身體活動量(-238.82±78.95分鐘)、高估高強度身體活動量之情形(6.85±16.39分鐘)；多元線性迴歸分析發現，高齡者主、客觀高強度身體活動差異與下肢相位角有正向關聯性 (B=0.056, 95% CI :0.003-0.110)。高齡者認知自身高強度活動較實際為多，與較佳的下肢肌肉指標具有正向的關聯性。本研究發現可提供未來衛教策略參考及增加健康促進活動之內容。Differences might be present in the physical activity levels of older adults, stemming from the divergence between their subjective perceptions and actual conditions. Insufficient self-awareness of physical activity levels can potentially affect their health-focused lifestyle. This inquiry aims to examine the variances between perceived and actual physical activities among older adults in Taiwan and its association with lower limb muscular strength indicators. Involving 159 seniors from community centers in Taipei City and Yilan County, the study employed convenience sampling. Measurement tools included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), triaxial accelerometers, and body composition analyzers, to assess both perceived and actual physical activities at varying intensities - light, moderate, and vigorous. The research also explored the association between these activity levels and lower limb muscle indicators, such as muscle mass leg, leg muscle score, and leg phase angle. The study utilized t-tests for paired samples and multivariate linear regression for analysis. Results showed a trend among older adults to underestimate their involvement in light (-238.82 ± 78.95 minutes) while overestimating vigorous activities (6.85 ± 16.39 minutes). The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a positive association between the disparity in perceived and actual vigorous physical activities and the phase angle of the lower limbs (B=0.056, 95% CI :0.003-0.110). The perception among older adults of engaging in more vigorous physical activity than they actually do is positively associated with better lower limb muscle indicators. The findings of this study can inform future health education strategies and enhance the content of health promotion activities.