不同工作限制對嬰幼兒抓握能力之探討

Abstract

本研究以嬰幼兒運動發展的理論為基礎，選擇抓握動作為特定項目，利用緃貫性的研究方法從9週至37週，每兩週一次，以不同質地、大小的球體，觀察嬰幼兒在不同工作限制下其抓握動作的發展。實驗參與者為10名嬰幼兒，以影片拍攝的方式收集資料。結果顯示嬰幼兒在9週大時由於視覺、動作能力尚未成熟，未能產生自主性的手部動作，至17週時由於視覺敏銳度及身體姿勢控制能力的提昇，可觀察到嬰幼兒產生自主性的手部粗略動作。透過一段時間的探索，嬰幼兒在37週大時，可以應用控觸覺及視覺訊息，完成更順暢、適當的抓握動作。從不同工作限制(質地、大小)的結果比較發現，嬰幼兒抓握動作的發展除了受年齡的因素影響外，工作限制也是影響嬰幼兒抓握動作產生的重要因素。

Based on the theories of infant motor development, this study examined the prehensile movement development under different task constraints by way of the longitudinal method. Ten infants were tested at home every two weeks from 9 to 37 weeks old. Data were collected using video-taping technique. The results showed that at 9 weeks of age, infants were not able to move the arm actively which may be due to the immaturity of vision acuity and poor postural control. All 10 infants showed the active and goal directed movement about 17 weeks old. Infants further gradually displayed the proper prehensile movement according to different task constraints as they developed better perceptual and motor ability by exploring more in the environment. By comparing the different task constraints (different texture and size), it is concluded that task constraints plays an important role in influencing infant’s prehensile movement in addition to age.