中國惠能與越南竹林派禪學思想與修習方法之比較研究

Abstract

摘要 禪宗是中國佛教的一大宗派，自達摩東來，至今千餘年間，宗風鼎盛。唐代六祖惠能，主張頓悟成佛之說，把高深艱奧的理論，一變而為日常生活的宗教，奠下了禪宗的理論基礎，其對中國文化教育，思想及風俗信仰之影響，是普遍而深遠的。禪宗從中國傳入越南同樣既有傳承的系統，又有獨特性的越南禪宗。 有鑑於此，本論文將運用史學與詮釋、比較和歸納等方法，先從禪宗思想的形成和歷史淵源，基於深入其修習方法的特色。故研究分成六章，第一章 緒論，說明研究者的研究動機和問題、研究目、範圍和限制。第二章，先論述禪在印度的形成，傳入中國的思想變化，再探討穿梭於中國越南兩地有關禪派思想的傳承和人物，彰顯其主要思想。第三章和第四章深入探討惠能的禪學思想和修習方法，展出其繼承和獨特性。第五章比較惠能和竹林派禪學思想及其修習方法的異同處，並分析其優缺點、重要性和實踐性。研究的核心是歸納綜合兩者的特點和具有代表性。最後，第六章結論與禪學對教育的啟示，歸納惠能與竹林派的禪學思想和修習方法的形成與分列，綜合其傳統和創新的要素。同時，提出惠能與竹林派禪學對教育的啟示。 本研究的結果，是確定惠能禪學思想的特色，並更了解越南竹林派禪學思想，尤其是修習方法的特色。其次，顯著惠能與竹林派禪學的異同及其背後的因素。由此，對禪學的修習方式和教學方法的實施有相當的貢獻，同時對一般的教育亦有某一些幫助。Abstract Since Buddhi Dharma arrived China to Tang dynasty, Hui Neng, the six founder of Chinese Zen, advocated the sudden enlightenment theory, he established the Zen way which influenced Chinese culture and education. Indian Buddhist enlightenment thouth is Chinese Buddhist Zen. Hence, Vietnamese Zen is distinct for Chinese Zen, but at the same it inheriten system similarly. With the progest of history, the Vietnamese Zhulin Zen school developed during the Chen Dynasty, this is closely related to there social, namely has the Chinese zen origin also have Vietnam's distinctive quality This dissertation consists of 6 chapters. The first chapter deals with research mutivations, progress and problems, purpose, methods and with some restratsionts the author facing. The second chapter discuss Zen in India's formation, Zen in China, and its change, then presents the relation of Chinese Zen and Vietnamese Zen. The third chapter and fourth chapter presents the Zen thought and method of HuiNeng Zen as well as ZhuLin school. The fith chapter compare HuiNeng Zen with ZhuLin school Zen’s thouth and method to discover there similarities and differences. The sixth chapter is conclusion and HuiNeng school and ZhuLin school Zen influence on education in general.