臺北市溫州街、青田街社區文化資產保存工作之探討

Abstract

中文摘要 本研究欲探討台北市龍安國小家長志工近十年來，關心社區生態環境，落實推廣鄉土文化教育，並於2002年起協同社區裡其他非營利組織志工，參與大安區溫州街及青田街的文化資產保存運動。研究者從親自參與此文化資產保存運動過程，觀察這段由下而上社區自發性的力量，是國內少數由家長志工參與文資保存運動的案例，為文資界開啟了幾項指標性的貢獻，如：由單棟古蹟認定走入面狀保存的開端、為台北市保存下具有特色的日式聚落等。因此研究者欲探討的研究目的如下： 一、瞭解臺北市龍安國小家長志工與其他非營利組織參與文化資產保存情形。 二、瞭解臺北市大安區溫州街、青田街社區文化資產保存有何困境。 三、提出社區文化資產保存可行方法。 四、根據研究結果，提出建議提供有關單位參考。 本研究採質性研究中的紮根理論研究法，主要以深度訪談為主，再經由資料蒐集與文本回顧，交互推敲驗証，了解不同管道取得的資料是否有矛盾，以達到三角交叉檢測的信度與效度，最後得到以下研究發現與結論。 壹、研究發現 一、溫州街「殷海光故居」古蹟，以「歷史街區」保存，開啟了文化資產保存 面狀的起點。 二、青田街文化資產審定後，台北市政府文化局引入變更都市計劃方式，會同 都市發展局「劃設保存區」以「風貌管制」來做全區保存，讓文化資產保 存的意涵更深入被探討。 三、公部門人力不足，導致執行力與社區的期望有落差。 四、溫州街與青田街日式宿舍管有單位「台灣大學」，對於「保存再利用」態 度消極、無積極作為。 五、政策執行因主管機關長官態度、觀點影響審定結果。 六、文化資產保存的政策不明確、法令制定緩慢。對於「歷史建築」與「風貌 管制」此一籠統全包的保存定位，未有明確定義，至今公部門與社區還未 提出具體再利用計畫。 七、加強健全社區網絡組織，從社區人文關懷做起。 貳、結論 一、溫州街「殷海光故居」古蹟審定，最後指定以「歷史街區」保存，保存範 圍除了「殷海光故居」連同其旁的「台大第一單身宿舍」。 二、青田街文化資產保存最後公告為四棟「古蹟」、七棟「歷史建築」，詳目 見表4-1(P80)，全區以「風貌管制」。 三、人文素養與生態環境教育的重要。 四、文化資產保存具有生態環境與歷史文化教育的價值。 五、非營利組織志工是文化資產保存運動的重要推動者。 六、行政院要收回「閒置、佔用、低度利用的國有資產」政策有檢討的必要。 針對研究發現與結果做出以下建議： 壹、對公部門的建議 一、擴大「殷海光故居」古蹟現有的「歷史街區」全區範圍。 二、古蹟的管理維修經費由中央統籌。 三、增加文化局人員及經費編制費用。 四、促使台北市文化資產審定過程更公開化。 五、文化資產保存法相關施行細則與法令修法更明確。 六、應該加強生態環境與歷史文化教育，從小學做起，培養具人文素養的國民。 七、公部門應鬆綁文化事務申請經費。 八、運用非營利組織，投入文化資產保存再利用工作。 九、檢討現有「都市更新」方式的都市計劃，改為文化資產保存方式，規劃以 歷史文化觀點出發的都市計劃。 十、修訂法令使都市計劃委員會一定要有文化及教育人士參加，且佔一定比例。 十一、公部門協助社區組織網絡的建立。 十二、建議仿波士頓紅線(Boston Red Line)，設立台北市的自由之徑(Freedom Trail)。 十三、連結台北市已指定的日式建築，發展出一條日式建築聚落的文化觀光路線。 貳、對後續研究建議 一、探討台北市市定古蹟「紫藤廬」委外經營，經營方式與成效。 二、探討台北市都發局正規劃設計的青田街全區「風貌管制」的實施成效與推 動方法，繼續關心其後續發展。 三、探討英日兩國民間組織的「國民信託」模式，應用於台灣古蹟保存的案例。

關鍵詞：文化資產、文化資產保存、社區。A Study on the Preservation of Cultural Properties: The Cases of Wenzhou Street and Qingtian Street Communities By Li-Shueh Kuo (An Abstract)

The purpose of this thesis is to study how, in the past ten years, the parents of Longan Elementary Students 1) devoted themselves to the conservation of the eco-environment of the community, 2) promoted the education of native culture, and, 3) in collaboration with volunteers from other Non-Profit Organizations in the communities since 2002, participated in the preservation of cultural properties on Wenzhou Street and Qingtian Street in Daan District, Taipei City. The author of this thesis, through her own participation, has noticed this rare case in our country of self-motivated, bottom-up efforts stemming from students’ parents in the preservation of cultural properties. Such efforts also make several key contributions in the field of cultural property preservation, such as the beginning shift from identifying a single heritage to preserving a particular area of buildings, and the preservation of certain Japanese-style communities in Taipei City.

The purposes of this study are: 1. To understand how the parents of in Longan Elementary School students, and other Non-Profit Organizations participate in the preservation of cultural properties. 2. To understand the difficulties of preserving the cultural properties on Wenzhou Street and Qingtian Street in Daan District. 3. To propose a feasible mode for the preservation of cultural properties. 4. To offer suggestions based on the result of this study for the authorities concerned.

Within the framework of Grounded Theory in the qualitative research methodology, this study is based mainly on in-depth interviews. Cross-verification method is further used to check whether contradiction exists in the data collected and literature published in this field. This principle of methodological triangulation guarantees reliability and validity of the present study, which leads to the following discoveries and conclusions:

I. Discoveries 1. “Yin Haiguang’s former residence” on Wenzhou Street was preserved among other “blocks” of buildings in the area in question, initiating the shift from the concept of “spot” to the concept of “plane” in cultural property preservation projects. 2. In the evaluation of the cultural properties on Qingtian Street, the Department of Cultural Affairs of Taipei City Government altered the previous urban planning scheme and, in collaboration with the Department of Urban Development, initiates the practice of “preservation area” under the aegis of overall “style control,” resulting in the further exploration of the meaning of cultural property preservation. 3. The shortage of manpower in public offices leads to a gap between the effectiveness of execution and the expectation from the community. 4. National Taiwan University, the institution responsible for the maintenance of the Japanese-style buildings on Wenzhou Street and Qingtian Street, has no active planning and holds a passive attitude toward the idea of “maintenance and re-use.” 5. The attitude of and the viewpoint held by the officers in related public offices influence the execution of policies and thus the outcome of the evaluation. 6. Due to the ambiguity of the policy regarding the preservation of cultural properties, the slow process of law-making, and the lack of a clear definition for “historic structure” and “style control,” up to now the public offices and the communities in question are not able to propose any practical schemes for re-use of cultural properties.. 7. Awakening the humanistic concerns within the community is a way to enhance its networking and organization.

II. Conclusion: 1. “Yin Haiguang’s former residence” on Wenzhou Street was preserved with its neighboring building “National Taiwan University First Single Dormitory” at the same time, initiating the concept of “historical blocks” on the same street. 2. In the evaluation of the buildings on Qingtian Street, four were judged as “historic sites” and seven were “historic structure” (see Table 4-1, p. 80) – the whole district is now administer under the idea of “style control.” 3. Importance of humanistic and eco-environmental education for all. 4. The preservation of cultural properties plays a role in eco-environmental, historical and cultural education. 5. Volunteers from Non-Profit Organizations are the prime movers of the cultural property preservation movements. 6. It is necessary to reconsider the policy of the Administrative Yuan to retrieve “national properties not in use, being occupied or in low degree of use.”

The following suggestions are proposed:

I. For public offices 1. Expand the current size of “historical block” of “Yin Haiguang’s former residence.” 2. The overall funds for maintaining and restoring historic sites should be regulated by the central government. 3. Increase the staff number and the amount of funds for the Department of Cultural Affairs. 4. The procedure of the evaluation of cultural properties in Taipei City should be brought into the open. 5. Clarify the related executive regulations, and their amendment, for the preservation of cultural properties. 6. Strengthening the education of eco-environment, history and culture since elementary school, so as to cultivate a people with humanistic ideal. 7. Public offices should allot more funds for cultural affairs. 8. Engage Non-Profit Organizations in the maintenance and re-use of cultural properties. 9. Review the current policy of “Urban Redevelopment,” and promote an urban development plan that is based on a historico-cultural point of view cherishing the preservation of cultural properties. 10. Revise the law concerning Urban Planning Commission in order to engage a pro-rata number of people specialized in fields of cultural and educational affairs. 11. Public offices help establish networking and communication within the community. 12. Set up a “Freedom Trail,” similar to the Boston Red Line,” in Taipei City. 13. By linking the officially judged Japanese-style buildings in Taipei City, develop a tourist trail presenting communities with Japanese-style buildings.

II. For further studies 1. To study the outsourcing of historical site “Wisteria House” and evaluate its management and its result. 2. To study the practice and result of “style control” on Qingtian Street, paying special attention to its development since the policy was implemented. 3. To study the mode of “national trust” initiated by Non-Government Organizations in Japan and the UK and its application in preserving cultural properties in Taiwan.

Keywords: cultural properties, cultural property preservation, community