論正當法律程序之理論與實踐 ﹣以大專校院性平事件之調查程序為範疇

Abstract

隨著婦女自決的公民行動和法入校園的浪潮，我國2004年公布施行《性別平等教育法》，奠定各級學校調查處理「性平事件」（gender equality cases）法制化的里程碑。

外國立法例的「正當法律程序」（Due process of Law），透過我國司法院大法官解釋引進並闡釋內涵，而具有《憲法》法規範位階的基礎，進而規制行政機關的行政行為。本研究整理歸納大法官解釋當中有關「正當法律程序」的踐行程序，且進一步探究「正當法律程序」是否適用於性平事件的各個行政程序，並聚焦探究「大專校院性平事件之調查程序」（the investigation procedures of campus gender equality cases in universities and colleges）是否落實「正當法律程序」的實踐。

本研究採用質性研究取徑的深度訪談法蒐集資料，旨在探討參與大專校院性平事件之調查程序者的主觀歷程，為此，邀請六位曾經參與調查大專校院性平事件之受訪者，包括四位教育部調查專業人才以及兩位性平會承辦人。研究者以主題分析法萃取出主題，嘗試勾勒大專校院性平事件之調查程序的樣貌，並逐一檢視並分析是否踐行「正當法律程序」，經分析資料，本研究發現如下： 一、縱使承受負擔與壓力，受訪者仍維持參與性平事件調查程序的動力。 二、大專校院性平事件之調查程序的實施現況：受訪者主觀認知正當法律程序與性平事件調查程序相關，並盡力履行符合正當法律程序所要求的踐行程序，此外，法入校園造成多方面的衝擊。 三、大專校院性平事件之調查程序的問題與挑戰：教育人員法律素養不足、學校法律諮詢管道欠缺和調查期間不足。

最後，基於本研究成果提出建議，以供教育主管機關、大專校院及未來研究之參考： 一、對學校的建議：尊重調查報告、給予調查委員更多的支持、成立法務室、禁止對質及增加調查程序所需的經費。 二、對於教育行政單位的建議：篩選調查專業人才庫名單、提供制度化的諮詢管道、函釋內容法制化、延長調查期間、增加調解制度等修法。 三、對於未來研究，提出有關研究主題和增加研究對象的建議。

關鍵字：正當法律程序、性平事件、大專校院性平事件之調查程序

The purpose of this study is to examine the theory and the implement of the principle of Due process of Law in the investigation procedures of campus gender equality cases in universities and colleges. “The gender equality cases” are campus sexual assault, sexual harassment, and sexual bullying cases in schools.

Due process of Law developed from the Magna Carta in England. The honorable justices have applied the due process of law to our legal system through Constitutional interpretations of judicial Yuan. The practices of the administrative procedures are restricted by due process, including the investigation procedures of campus gender equality cases in universities and colleges.

The method of this study adopted the in-depth interview of qualitative research. The interview proceeded under a intersubjective way. The participants in this study were 6 members, including 4 specialists of the investigation team of the Gender Equity Education Committee and 2 appoint staffers ad hoc to handle related matters in universities and colleges.

With thematic analyzing the texts from specialists and staffs of the investigation team of the Gender Equity Education Committee in higher education, the researcher discovered the practical problems and challenges and research findings. Furthermore, based on the findings, suggestions are presented for educational administrative agencies, universities and colleges, and future research.

Keywords: Due process of Law, gender equality cases, the investigation procedures of campus gender equality cases in universities and colleges