大專運動員競賽焦慮、自信心與參與動機關係性研究

Abstract

運動員的運動表現係決定具有運動潛能的選手能否持續參與訓練的重要因素，若成績沒有突破可能會不想參與訓練，倘若沒有增加運動員的參與意願，更會讓願意參與訓練的人減少，換言之增加運動員的參與動機是必須面對的課題。本研究探討大專運動員競賽焦慮、運動自信心、運動參與動機之關係性，並以就讀112學年度全國大專運動會獎牌數前10名大專院校且參加大專運動會公開組之650名學生為研究對象，透過「大專運動員競賽焦慮、運動自信心、運動參與動機之關聯性調查問卷」進行調查，共獲得585份有效問卷，以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、驗證性因素分析、結構方程式進行資料分析，獲得以下結果：一、大專運動員在狀態性競賽焦慮方面，以「認知焦慮」感受程度最高；在運動自信心方面，以「認知效率的自信心」之信心程度最高；在運動參與動機方面，以「內在動機」之同意程度最高。

二、大專運動員與不同背景變項分析的結果，顯示不同「性別」、「運動項目」在「特質性焦慮」與「狀態性焦慮」有顯著差異；不同「性別」、「年級」、「就讀學校」、「訓練年齡」、「運動成就水準」、「國際比賽經歷」在「運動自信心」有顯著差異；不同「性別」、「年級」、「就讀學校」、「訓練年齡」、「運動項目」、「運動成就水準」、「國際比賽經歷」在「運動參與動機」有顯著差異。

三、大專運動員競賽焦慮、運動自信心、運動參與動機之關係性，顯示競賽焦慮對運動自信心具顯著正向影響；運動自信心對運動參與動機具顯著正向影響；競賽焦慮對運動參與動機具顯著負向影響。

Athletes' performance is an important factor to determining can continue to training whether athletes with potential. If there are no performance breakthrough, they may not want to participate in training. Thus athletes' not increase willingness. Let participate people would be decrease willing in training. In other words, increasing athletes' participate motivation is a problem that must be faced. This study explores the current status, correlation of competition anxiety, sport confidence and sport participation motivation among college athletic.Taking 650 college athletics from top ten schools and attend in the open group with national University and College Athletic Games of medals in the 112 academic years as the research subjects,a survey was conducted through the “Research Questionnaire on the Relationship between competition anxiety, sport confidence and sport participation motivation of college athletics”, and a total of 585 valid responses were obtained the questionnaire was complied using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, single-factor analysis of variation , structural equation modeling perform analysis . The following results were obtained：1. The current situation of college athletics. In terms of status anxiety, their cognitive anxiety are the most popular among college athletics. In terms of sport confidence, their sport confidence in cognitive efficiency have highest level of confidence. In terms of sport participation motivation, their sport participation motivation in intrinsic motivation have highest level of agreement.

2. The results of the variable of college athletics and different backgrounds show that there are significant differences in trait anxiety and status anxiety among different gender, sport items；there are significant differences in sport confidence among different gender, grade, current school, training years, sport achievement, international competition experience；there are significant differences in sport participation motivation among different gender, grade, current school, training years, sport items, sport achievement, international competition experience.3. The correlation between competition anxiety, sports confidence, and sports participation motivation of college athletics.Showing competition anxiety and sport confidence have significant positive impact；sport confidence and sport participation motivation have significant positive impact；competition anxiety and sport participation motivation have significant negative impact.