題畫王昭君與清詩之因革―以宋人題畫昭君為參照

Abstract

王昭君和親匈奴之故事，唐詩以降多本五大系統基型，進行緣飾附會，抽換改作。清代以前已寫作416首，清代詩人亦創作400餘首昭君題詠。今選擇題畫詩為探討文本，以考察王昭君形象之轉化與創新。蓋宋人及金人所作昭君詩歌，出於題畫圖詠者約15首；而清人昭君題詠，見於胡鳳丹編纂《青冢志》、可永雪編《歷代昭君文學作品集》者，數量已在43首以上。本文擬以清人題詠王昭君故事為主軸，以宋、金之相關題詠作對照，持傳承與新變為論說主軸，除扣緊題畫之屬性，較論形象塑造之虛實、形神外，尚關注歷代之審美意識、士人不遇之比興寄託、和親之得失榮辱、紅顏之禍福美惡，乃至於華夷之分際、公私之消長、琵琶之哀怨、遠嫁之悲喜、青冢之不朽等。凡此種種，要皆值得考察論述，亦辨章學術，考鏡淵流之一助。

Since the stories of Wang Chaojun’s political alliance first appeared in Tang poetry, poets have frequently relied on the five fundamental modes to polish, create, swap, and adapt words. Poets are fond of writing about Wang; thus, we located 416 poems addressing Wang’s stories, and more than 400 works from the Qing dynasty. Inscription poetry was selected as the text to discussion the transformation and innovation of the image of Wang. Approximately 15 poems of Wang were written by the inscription poets of Wang from Sung and Jing. The Qing Dynasty boasts more than 43, including Cing Jhǒng Jhìh, edited by Hu Fengdan, and The Literature of Wang in All Dynasties, edited by Ke Yongxue. This paper centers on the story of Wang as inscribed by the people of Qing Dynasty. Contrasting the inscription poetry of the Sung and Qing Dynasties, the discussion focuses on inheritance and creation. The attributes of inscription poetry are examined to compare and discuss the reality and physical spirit of the image mold. The following factors are considered: the aesthetic consciousness of the dynasties figures of speech, association, and the finding of sustenance when intellectuals were underappreciated; the gain, loss, glory, and disgrace of the marriage alliance policy; the calamity and fortune of the beauties; the difference between the cultures of the Chinese and barbarians; the preferences in public or private areas; the theme of Pipa’s plaintiveness; the sadness and happiness of remote marriage; and the immortality of Cing Jhǒng. Thus, contributions are made to various aspects of poetry and cultural studies.