以法治原則觀點建構教師師生衝突處理指標之探究

Abstract

本研究旨在以法治原則觀點建構教師師生衝突處理指標，作為政府教育相關單位、教育人員和後續研究之參考。本研究採用德懷術調查研究法，研究者先根據文獻探討分析歸納出法治原則和師生衝突因應策略的層面項目，再邀請學者專家及現場實務教師，共同組成德懷術專家委員小組，進而以結構化問卷對專家委員進行兩次的德懷術問卷調查，蒐集專家委員的意見並修正層面項目，最後建構出教師師生衝突處理指標。根據本研究結果，教師師生衝突處理指標包含「法治原則」和「因應策略」兩大層面。「法治原則」層面包含「基本權保障」、「依法行政原則」、「法的安定性原則」、「平等原則」、「不當聯結禁止原則」、「比例原則」六個層次二十二個項目指標；「因應策略」層面包含「事先預防」、「擬定衝突處理程序」、「情緒管理」、「雙關注模式」、「教師社會權力」、「心理與輔導」、「人際溝通與正向語言架構」七個層次三十五個項目指標。研究者依據研究結果，提出建議供政府教育相關單位、教育人員和後續研究之參考。對於政府教育相關單位建議部分，研究者認為在日益嚴重的師生衝突教學現場，政府教育單位可以根據本研究建構之結果，修補相關教育法規範、精進教師師生衝突因應策略，讓教師在管理師生衝突時有更完整的法規範依據和知能；對於教育人員建議部分，研究者認為教師可以根據本研究建構之師生衝突處理指標，隨時自我檢驗和應用，藉以發現和修正自我管理師生衝突的問題和盲點，進而達到師生雙贏的教育願景。最後，在後續研究部分，研究者建議未來可以將本研究建構之各層次指標以德懷術調查研究法繼續深入探究，建構各層次更完整的師生衝突處理指標，或是以德懷術調查研究法建構其它教育衝突管理議題之指標。此外，研究者認為亦可採用個案研究法取向，應用本研究建構之各層次指標，管理和解消師生衝突個案問題。This study aimed to construct indicators for conflict resolution between teachers and students from the perspective of rule of law and to present the results as reference for government units, educators and future research. This study adopted the Delphi Technique. This researcher first did a literature review and mapped out different level items of rule of law principles and teacher-student conflict coping strategies. Scholars, experts and school teachers were invited to form a Delphi expert committee. They twice took structured questionnaires about the Delphi method. This researcher collected their opinions, revised the level items, and constructed the indicators for conflict resolution between teachers and students used to deal with teacher-student conflict.According to the study result, teachers’ resolution indicators for teacher-student conflicts include two major levels, “rule of law principles” and “coping strategies.” The"rule of law principles" covers twenty two items from six sub-levels; the six sub-levels are "protection of basic rights," "principles of law-based administration," "principles of the stability of the law," "principles of equality," "principles of prohibition of inappropriate connections" and "principles of proportionality.” The "coping strategies" covers thirty five items from seven sub-levels. These levels are "prevention," "developing conflict handling procedures," "emotional management," "dual attention model," "teachers’ social power," "psychology and counseling," and "interpersonal communication and positive language structure." The researcher also put forward suggestions for government units, educators and future research. With regard to suggestions for government units, education related units may take the research result as a reference, revise relevant regulartions, and improve teacher-student conflict response strategies. As the teacher-student conflicts deterioate rapidly, teachers need a complete legal basis and knowledge to manage the conflicts. With regard to suggestions for educators, teachers may keep these conflict resolution indicators handy for self-examination and application, discover and correct every possible problem and blind spot, and thus achieve a win-win educational environment.With regard to the follow-up research, suggestions are as follows. Future researchers may use the Delphi technique to explore deeper into the indicators at different levels in this study and construct more complete teacher-student conflict resolution indicators. Researchers may also use the Delphi techinique to construct indicators for educational conflict management issues. Furthermore, researcher may use case study research and apply the indicators constructed in this study to manage and eliminate teacher-student conflict cases.