家長照護氣喘兒童身體活動相關知能介入實驗研究

Abstract

一、 研究目的：本研究是比較兩種教育介入方案對氣喘兒童家長的運動誘發氣喘知識、預防及處理運動誘發氣喘自我效能與對氣喘兒童身體活動支持度的影響。 二、 研究方法：本研究採不相等實驗組對照組設計，以台北市四所小學氣喘兒童的家長為研究對象，並進行二種介入方案。實驗組一參加團體研習互動課程與後續單張提供，實驗組二則自學研習活動資料與後續單張提供，對照組均不接受任何教學介入。三組在介入前和介入後一個月分別進行前、後測，所得資料以單因子共變數分析進行處理。 三、 研究結果：研究對象以女性居多，其中僅有四分之一曾參加相關衛教活動。由前測結果分析，研究對象之運動誘發氣喘知識、預防及處理運動誘發氣喘自我效能以及身體活動支持度的平均得分情形都約為六成。而研究對象之運動誘發氣喘知識與性別及教育程度有關，女性得分高於男性，教育程度為專科者大於高中（職）者；氣喘兒童健康狀況與預防及處理運動誘發氣喘自我效能和身體活動支持度間有顯著正相關。介入後，實驗組一的運動誘發氣喘知識較實驗組二與對照組佳，而三組預防及處理運動誘發氣喘自我效能與身體活動支持度則無顯著差異。 四、 研究結論：以研習會與兩次後續單張的教育介入方式比讓研究對象自行閱讀研習會資料與兩次後續單張的方式，更能提升運動誘發氣喘知識。但兩種介入方式在提升研究對象預防及處理運動誘發氣喘的自我效能，以及對氣喘兒童身體活動支持度的成效差異不大。Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two intervention programs about exercise-induced asthma for parents of asthmatic children. Methods: Quasi-experimental Design was used in the study. A controlled trial was conducted in four elementary schools in Taipei. The experimental group A received a group activity and two follow-up leaflets. The experimental group B received the handbook of group activity and two follow-up leaflets. The control group received no intervention. A standard questionnaire was administered before and one month after intervention programs. One way analysis of covariate was used to estimate knowledge and self-efficacy of prevention and management about EIA, and support toward physical activities. Results: Gender and educational level were associated with parents’ knowledge about EIA. Self-efficacy of prevention and management about EIA and support toward physical activities were positive correlation with children’s health. The intervention programs improved knowledge but not self-efficacy of prevention and management about EIA and support toward physical activities. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a group activity and two-leaflet follow up instruction could improve parents’ knowledge about EAI more than the handbook of group activity and two follow-up leaflets. But the effectiveness of two intervention programs on self-efficacy in prevention and management about EIA and support toward physical activities were not significant.