居家式托育環境品質的現況與相關因素

Abstract

本研究的目的有三：一、瞭解臺灣居家式托育環境品質的現況以及保母社會支持系統的情形；二、瞭解保母對優良居家式托育環境品質的觀點；三、探討與居家式托育環境品質相關的因素。 本研究採觀察法及訪談法，以Harms、Cryer與Clifford（2007）的《家庭托育環境評量表-修訂版》（FCCERS-R）進入北部或中部共10位保母家觀察其居家式托育環境品質，並訪談他們對優良居家式托育環境品質及社會支持系統的看法。 本研究主要發現如下： 一、研究對象在FCCERS-R的總平均得分為3.34，略高於最低品質要求（3分）。其中，得分最高的兩個構面是互動（平均數=4.66）和聆聽與說話（平均數=4.57）；得分低於最低要求的三個構面是活動（平均數=2.44）、課程結構（平均數=2.87）和家長與托育人員（平均數=2.95）。 二、研究對象認為優良的居家式托育環境首要條件是「環境安全適合托育」；而優良保母應具備的條件有3點：（1）擁有適合托育嬰幼兒的個人特質（像是有愛心、有耐心、愛小孩等等），（2）懂得情緒與壓力管理，（3）與托育兒家長的關係互動良好。 三、單因子變異數分析顯示，研究對象的背景或經驗變項中，僅有托育年資對FCCERS-R的空間與設施構面、個人日常照顧構面以及整體居家式托育環境品質有顯著相關。但是，研究對象自己則認為托育人數、托育幼兒的年齡差距、家長的教養觀念與對保母的信任和尊重，以及保母個人因素等皆與其居家式托育環境品質有關。 四、在社會支持系統方面，研究對象的家人均對自己的托育工作感到認同，其中六成會以具體的行動來表示支持；研究對象感受到居家托育服務中心的支持可歸納成五類，依提及次數的多寡分別是：（1）在職訓練課程、（2）托育相關諮詢服務、（3）幼兒媒合轉介服務、（4）到宅訪視、（5）協力圈的運作；另外有兩位研究對象提到居住社區的支持情形。 本研究依據研究結果，分別對居家式托育服務提供者、政府機關、居家式托育服務中心及未來研究提出建議，期望對居家式托育環境品質的發展有所幫助。The purposes of this research is to : (1) investigate the quality of family child care environment and family child care providers’ social support system in Taiwan; (2) understand family child care providers’ perspective of family child care environment quality; (3) discuss the factors related to the quality of family child care environment. The methods used in the research include observation and interview. I visited 10 family child care provider’s home to observe the quality of family child care environment by using Family Child Care Environment Rating Scale –Revised Edition (Harms, Cryer,& Clifford, 2007). These 10 participants lived in northern or middle part of Taiwan. In addition, I discussed family child care providers’ opinion on high-quality family child care environment and social support system. There are four main findings in this study: 1. The total FCCERS-R average score was 3.34, which was slightly higher than the minimal level (a rating of 3). There were two subscales rank the highest score, which were Interaction (M=4.66) and Listening and Talking (M=4.57). On the other hand, there were three subscales score lower than the minimal level, which were Activities (M=2.44), Program Structure (M=2.87), and Parents and Provuder (M=2.87). 2. The participants believedthat the most important thing of an excellent family child care environment was “safety and suitable for caring”. In the meantime, there are three points that the excellent family child care providers should require: (1) They have characteristics suitable for caring young children. (2) They are able to manage emotion and stress. (3) They have good relationships with child’s parents. 3. According to one-way analysis of variance, only the years of experiences of provider was significantly related to the Space and Furnishings subscale, Personal Care Routines subscale and full scale of FCCERS-R. However, the participants believed that the number of children, the gap between children, the parents’ upbringing, the trust and respect for provider, and provider’s personal factors were related to family child care environment. 4. When discussing the social support system, the participants stated that they were supported by their family members when doing their jobs. There were 60% among these families would take active actions to show their support. The participants thought there were five kinds of support from The Center of Family Childcare Service: (1) childcare training, (2) childcare consultation, (3) childcare referral service, (4) visit and check service, (5) staff networks. Moreover, there were two participants mentioned community support during interviews. To conclude, based on the study results, I proposed some suggestions for family child care providers, competent authorities, the Center of Family Childcare Service, and the further researchers. I expect that this is helpful for the development of the quality of family child care environment.