京劇鑼鼓〈鬧天宮〉鑼鼓詮釋與手勢分析

Abstract

傳統京劇打擊樂為京劇表演中配合演員身段動作的伴奏，京劇打擊樂和演員動作的相輔相成彰顯其獨特與不可取代性，而隨著時間演進，原在幕後的京劇打擊樂逐漸由伴奏型態轉變為幕前的音樂獨奏。京劇鼓佬多樣且複雜的手勢變化，不僅指示了銅樂器的演奏，亦可視為京劇打擊樂之特殊技法，也為京劇鑼鼓打擊樂藝術增添獨特的可看性。本文中，針對京劇鑼鼓之論述，以兩部分為主，一為京劇鑼鼓之鼓佬手勢動作，二為鑼鼓點的「相同底鼓不同鑼鼓經」之探析。最後以京劇鑼鼓的單一樂曲〈鬧天宮〉中的鑼鼓點，逐一探討鑼鼓點的功能、作曲家對樂曲的看法以及板鼓與銅樂器的演奏法，期望能為京劇鑼鼓的手勢及樂曲的詮釋，提供寶貴的意見。Traditional Beijing Opera percussion is an accompaniment to the actors' body movements in Beijing Opera performances. The complementarity of Beijing Opera percussion and actors' movements shows their uniqueness and irreplaceabilityng opera strike music is accompaniment, and now uses on the stage, it is a separate music play.

Over time, the Beijing Opera percussion which is originally behind the scene has gradually changed from an accompaniment to a music solo under the spotlight.

The diverse and complex gesture of Bejing Opera drumists can be regarded as a special tech-ninot only conduct the bronze instruments.Bejing Opera drumists are known for their diverse and complex gesture. The gesture, which is a special technique, not only conducts bronze in-struments but also makes the Opera more dynamic and worth watching.This thesis, we invetigate Beijing Opera percussion from two perspectives. One is the gesture of the drums while another is the analysis of the "same beginning but different contents of sheet in percussion." Finally, with the song "Wreaking Havoc in Heaven" of Bejing Opera, we discuss the function of gongs and drums, the composer's view on the song and the skills of playing plate drums and bronze instruments.We hope to provide valuable opinions for the gestures and interpretation of Beijing Opera percussion.