水金九居民對於導入地質公園的地方認同感時空動態

Abstract

摘 要 水金九地區（九份、金瓜石、水湳洞）自19世紀末金礦開採興盛後，經歷礦業衰退而逐漸轉型為旅遊經濟。地質公園自2004年以來結合自然與文化資源的保育模式，對此區域的可行性引發關注。為理解地質公園導入對當地居民地方認同感的影響，本研究採用質性深度訪談法，針對不同時空背景下的居民與地質公園推動者蒐集其對家鄉認同與地質公園的看法。理論上，地方認同感指向對居住地的情感依附與歸屬感。水金九居民的地方認同隨歷史與產業變遷而演變：在觀光興起期，不少年輕人返鄉經營茶坊、民宿、博物館等旅遊產業，重塑對家鄉的驕傲；進入地質公園時期後，透過地質與生態教育課程與志工導覽訓練，居民對家鄉自然與歷史價值有了全新認識，認同感再次凝聚。導入地質公園後，研究顯示地方經濟與教育活動都顯著活絡：新型旅遊體驗（如夜間生態導覽）延長了遊客停留時間，創造了導覽員與解說員等就業機會；觀光經濟帶動餐飲、民宿等業發展，許多返鄉青年以「在地創業」為榮。居民對家鄉的深厚情感連結與集體記憶是地方認同的核心。但是經濟因素也有可能是影響認同感的重要一環，是本研究主要探討的方向之一。地質公園的推動帶動當地經濟發展，區域整體的經濟富裕程度提升，連帶影響居民的生活品質。若居民實際感受到經濟狀況改善，則對家鄉的認同感容易增強；反之，若經濟效益未能普遍惠及居民，或改善不明顯，則地方認同感可能相對受到限制。因此，本研究認為地方認同感的形成與變化，除了情感依附與歷史記憶外，亦需考量經濟富裕程度所帶來的影響。Abstract The Shuijinjiu area (Jiufen, Jinguashi, and Shuinandong) has undergone significant transformation from a flourishing gold-mining region in the late 19th century to a tourism-oriented economy following the decline of the mining industry. Since 2004, the concept of a geopark integrating conservation of natural and cultural resources has attracted attention regarding its feasibility in this region. To understand the impact of introducing the geopark on local residents' place identity, thisstudy employed qualitative in-depth interviews, collecting perspectives from residents and geopark promoters across different temporal and spatial contexts regarding their hometown identity and perceptions of the geopark. Theoretically, place identity refers to emotional attachment and a sense of belonging to one's place of residence. Residents' place identity in the Shuijinjiu area evolved along with historical and industrial transitions: during the tourism boom, many young people returned to operate businesses such as tea houses, guesthouses, and museums, reshaping pride in their hometown. After the geopark era began, residents' recognition of the natural and historical value of their hometown was further enhanced through geological and ecological education programs and volunteer guide training, thereby strengthening local identity. The introduction of the geopark significantly boosted local economic and educational activities; innovative tourism experiences such as nighttime ecological tours prolonged visitor stays and created job opportunities for guides and interpreters. Tourism-driven economic growth stimulated development in food services, accommodations, and related industries, with many returning youths taking pride in local entrepreneurship. Residents' deep emotional connections and collective memories form the core of their place identity. However, economic factors could also play an essential role in shaping this identity, a key aspect explored in this study. The geopark's development enhanced overall regional prosperity, positively influencing residents' quality of life. Improved economic conditions tend to strengthen residents' sense of place identity; conversely, if economic benefits are not widely or sufficiently experienced by residents, their place identity could be relatively constrained. Thus, this research highlights that place identity is shaped not only by emotional attachment and historical memories but also by economic prosperity.