學生分類學概念訊息處理模式及對分類學發展的看法與解釋

Abstract

本研究欲探討不同學習成就之非生物相關科系大學生，在閱讀高中基礎生物課文時，對於基礎生物課文內容的整體注意力分配；且欲了解不同先備知識之非生物相關科系大學生，在閱讀科普演化樹文本時，對於演化樹文本之內容的整體注意力分配。同時探討非生物相關科系大學生在閱讀科普演化樹文本後，所提出之科學解釋類型及表現，與其閱讀演化樹文本時的歷程及先備知識是否相關。 受試者為32位非生物相關科系且高中非三類組之大學以上在學生，實驗流程為讓受試者閱讀基礎生物課文之演化證據文本，並填寫學習成就測驗卷，再依據學習成就測驗卷之成績將受試者分為高、中、低分三組，並進行三組眼動結果比較。後測結束後讓受試者閱讀科普「鳥類最新演化樹」文本，依先前之學習成就結果作為先備知識高低的依據，並比較三組受試者在眼動歷程上的差異。受試者閱讀鳥類最新演化樹文本後會進行簡短的分類學看法訪談，並針對其提出之科學解釋進行分類及評分，進行科學解釋類型、科學解釋表現與先備知識及眼動指標之相關分析。 結果發現，學習成就較高的高分組於閱讀圖片上分配較多的注意力，而中分組傾向從文字中得到訊息。低分組於組織文章架構碰到困難，因而在副標題區有較多注意力分配。圖文交互閱讀次數則是高分組、中分組皆高於低分組。在演化樹文本的閱讀歷程中，先備知識較高者比起先備知識較低者分配較少的注意力及認知資源即能理解文本，而比起先備知識較不足的低分組，中分組能夠判斷有許多關鍵內容的內文一需仔細閱讀。而在科學解釋的相關分析中，結果表明科學解釋類型與先備知識無關，但科學解釋表現分數與先備知識呈顯著中低度正相關。在閱讀歷程上，科學解釋表現和文章標題、內文一、內文二、圖說一、圖說二及舊演化樹物種名稱的眼動指標呈正相關。而科學解釋表現與內文一的區域閱讀時間百分比呈接近顯著的負低相關，顯示讀者於內文一分配較多注意力是因為碰到閱讀困難。

The main purpose of this study was to explore the the effect of prior knowledge in the reading of a popular science article on the topic of evolutionary tree by non-biological related college students using the eye tracking method.. At the same time, we analyzed whether the types and performances of scientific explanations proposed by the non-biological related college students after reading evolutionary tree text were associated with the prior knowledge and reading process of the evolutionary tree text. The participants were 32 non-biological major college students. The study procedure is described as follows. First, participants took the pre-test designed to assess the understanding about Taxonomy, and than proceeded to read the text about evolutionary evidence abstracted from the high-school biology textbook. During the reading, students’ eye movements were recorded. After that, subjects took the post-test. Based on the post-test result, students were divided into high, medium and low achievement groups. After the post test, the participants were asked to read a short article on the topic of evolutionary tree which was abstracted from Scientific American while their eye movements were also recorded. Using the learning achievements as the indicators for students’ prior knowledge, we compared the differences in the eye movement patterns of the three achievement groups. In addition, after reading evolutionary tree text, subjects were interviewed to states their views about the Taxonomy. Their responses were than analyzed to probe the types of scientific explanation and the performance of scientific explanation. At last, the relationships between prior knowledge, visual attention distributions and performance of scientific explanations were analyzed by statistical methods. The results showed that students with high prior knowledge distributed more visual attention to the picture of evolutionary tree, while the medium group tended to learn from the text. The group of low prior knowledge seemed to have difficulty in organizing the article structure, so they pay more attention in the subtitle area. Furthermore, group of low prior knowledge displayed the least count of inter-scanning between text and picture. For the reading of the popular science text on the topic of the evolutionary tree, it was found that those with high prior knowledge used the less attention and cognitive resources than did the low prior knowledge group. Compared with low prior knowledge group, the medium group seemed to distinguish better the key information. By the correlation analysis it was found that the performance of scientific explanations and prior knowledge was positively correlated. No correlation was found between the types of scientific explanation and prior knowledge. For the reading of popular science text, positive correlations were found between the performance of scientific explanation and the reading of the title of the article, the text 1, the text 2, the picture 1, the picture 2 and the species names in the old evolution tree.