父母婚姻品質和幼兒社會適應：檢視親子互動之中介角色

Abstract

本研究旨在檢視親子互動在父母婚姻品質和幼兒社會適應之中所扮演的中介角色。當父母在婚姻關係中有較好的婚姻品質時，幼兒有較佳的社會適應。除此之外，良好的親子互動也被視為提升幼兒社會適應的相關因子。本研究以「臺灣幼兒發展調查資料庫」36月齡組第二波的資料進行分析。此資料庫為具有全國代表性樣本之縱貫研究。這波資料包含2,031位四歲幼兒，本研究排除有特殊身體健康狀況的幼兒、主要照顧者非父親或母親、及父母親在婚姻品質的題目上填答不適用或拒答的資料後，最後有1,728位幼兒（女生佔51.2%）納入分析。本研究使用之變項為：婚姻品質指父母在婚姻關係中所知覺的婚姻滿意度及和配偶在教養子女上的合作關係；親子互動包含親子之間的安全依附及父母親給予小孩的回應；社會適應則包括幼兒的社會能力及攻擊行為。在資料分析上，以結構方程模式來檢驗中介效果，並將幼兒的性別及父母教育程度作為控制變項。研究結果發現，父母婚姻品質、親子互動和幼兒社會適應彼此之間具有顯著的關聯。在中介途徑上，親子互動在父母婚姻品質和幼兒社會能力的關聯中扮演完全中介的角色。親子互動則在父母婚姻品質和幼兒攻擊行為的關聯中扮演部分中介的角色。最後，本研究亦提供相關討論、研究限制、未來研究及實務建議等說明。The current study aimed to examine the mediating pathway that marital quality influenced children’s social adjustment through parent-child interaction. Both marital quality and parent-child interaction were the related factors for children’s social adjustment. This study was performed as a part of the “Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development& Care Project”, which focused on children’s developmental characteristics and childcare. This study used the second wave of the data from the 3-year-olds cohort that consisted of 2,031 48-month-olds children. Data of children with special health conditions, primary caregivers other than fathers and mothers, and parents who responded no applicable or refuse to answer the questions of marital quality was excluded. There were 1,728 participants (51.2% girls) involved in the final analysis. The variables considered in the study included marital quality (i.e., marital satisfaction and cooperation), parent-child interaction (i.e., secure attachment and parental responsiveness), and social adjustment (i.e., social competence and aggression). Mediation effect was tested by structural equation modeling, and children’s gender and parental educational level were used as control variables. The findings demonstrated that there were significant relations among marital quality, parent-child interaction, and children’s social adjustment. In addition, marital quality indirectly affected children’s social competence through parent-child interaction. Marital quality indirectly influenced children’s aggression via parent-child interaction, and it also had a direct effect on children’s aggression. Discussions, limitations, directions for future study, and implications were further provided.