高峰經驗神秘乎?迷幻乎？--從禪坐者之身心體驗重新理解高峰經驗

Abstract

本研究的主要目的在於從禪坐經驗重新理解高峰經驗，藉由禪坐者的身心體驗，呈現出高峰經驗的各種面貌，並進一步還原出令它如此這般的本質。一方面期望能澄清大眾對於高峰經驗的迷思，另一方面也希望能重新認識高峰經驗。本研究以詮釋現象學為方法，透過與八位禪坐者的對話並對對話逐字稿進行資料分析，根據研究結果得出下列結論：一、高峰經驗、高原經驗與禪坐經驗三者師出同源，都是希望吾人能淡化「小我」的界線，逐漸回歸「大我」之中，然而，相似並不是相等，本研究的禪坐經驗比文獻上所記載高峰經驗要來得更加完整、微細。二、高峰經驗並沒有固定的特徵。過去文獻所提出高峰經驗的種種狀態，只能視為暫時的現象，或是一個統計值，並非絕對真理。三、若想體驗高峰經驗，不需要催化物，只要是相同本質的活動，例如：瑜珈和太極拳，都能夠使身心有所轉化，並瞭解到高峰經驗的真正意涵。四、高峰經驗的本質在於「超越小我，成就大我」，親證超個人心理學的宇宙觀與人性觀，也就是體認到「大我」的存在，認為吾人在「實現自我」之上更要「超越自我」，超越這個非永恆的「小我」，進而實現「真我」。The purpose of this study was to understand the peak experience from the perspective of the Zen meditation experience. Through meditators’ different experiences, a variety of aspects of the peak experience could be reexamined and we may further discover their essence. On one hand, we expect to clarify public myths toward the peak experience. On the other hand, we hope this issue receives more attention in academia. We adopt hermeneutic phenomenology as the methodology of this study. The transcripts of conversation recording from eight Zen Mediators were analyzed, and the results were as follows: 1) All of the peak experience, the plateau experience and the Zen meditation experience descend from the same origin. They both expect that human beings should weaken the boundary of ‘ego’ and focus on ‘Self’. However, we still need to know that the peak experience do not equal to the Zen meditation experience. There were differences which existed in the depth and the width between the two experiences. This study provided more details about Zen meditation experience than peak experience in previous studies. 2) There were no fixed images of the peak experience. The multiple states proposed in previous literatures should be regarded as temporary phenomena or statistic data, but not the Reality. 3) The trigger was not necessary for approaching the peak experience. Therefore, those essentially the same activities such as Yoga and Tai-chi chuan, are also helpful for the transform of the body and soul and realizing the essence of peak experience. 4) The essence of the peak experience lied in the idea of ‘self-transcendence’. The nature of peak experience was for validating the world view and humanity view of transpersonal psychology . That is, we try to be aware of the existence of ‘Self’, to achieve the goal of ‘self-actualization’, and to further reach for ‘self-transcendence’. We go beyond the temporary ‘ego’ and accomplish ‘Real Self’.