運球側向跨步切入動作對女子籃球員膝關節負荷的影響

Abstract

本研究的目的是探討女子籃球員在空手及運球側向跨步切入動作時，軸心腳在支撐期前20%間髖、膝、踝的角度變化，並針對軸心腳膝關節的負荷加以探討。研究方法是使用Vicon motion analysis system 十台攝影機，及KISTLER 9281(60x40)測力板一塊，用以觀察女性籃球員在運球側向跨步與空手側向跨步切入時下肢各關節的角度及力矩變化。並配合Biovision肌電訊號擷取系統，觀察在空手及運球時的側向跨步切入動作時，股四頭肌群與腿後肌群間的共同收縮機制是否有所不同。以成對獨立樣本T-test進行差異性檢定；結果發現：女性籃球員在運球側向跨步切入時，表現出較大的著地初期膝關節屈曲角度，以及在支撐期前20%表現出較大的膝關節外翻角度、較大的膝關節屈曲力矩以及膝關節外翻力矩。在膝關節外翻角度峰值發生時，運球側向跨步切入動作時膝關節的屈曲角度、髖關節屈曲角度、髖關節內旋角度以及踝關節的內旋角度皆顯著大於側向跨步切入。在膝關節內旋角度峰值時，運球側向跨步切入動作表現出較大的膝關節屈曲角度、膝關節外翻角度、髖關節屈曲角度、髖關節內旋角度以及踝關節內旋角度。在膝關節外翻力矩峰值的時候，運球側向跨步切入動作也表現出較大的膝關節屈曲角度以及較大的膝關節外翻角度。此外，比較起當膝關節所承受的內旋力矩達到峰值的時候，運球側向跨步切入動作也表現出較大的膝關節屈曲角度以及外翻角度。在股四頭肌群與腿後肌群共同收縮機制部分，從六位實驗參與者的結果發現，運球側向跨步切入時，股四頭肌群與腿後肌群之間的比率大於空手側向跨步切入。由本研究結果可知，在運球側向跨步切入時，女性籃球員軸心r腳膝關節承受較大的負荷，也提高了非接觸性前十字韌帶傷害發生的可能性。The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematics of pivot foot lower extremity and knee kinetics during the first 20% of the stance phase while female basketball players performing dribbling side-step cutting and non-dribbling side-step cutting. Vicon motion analysis system(10 cameras) and KISTLER 9281 force plate was used to collect the kinematics and kinetic data. In addition, the co-contraction of quadriceps and hamstrings during the first 20% of the stance phase was recorded by Biovision EMG system. Paired T-test was used to analyze the factors between dribbling side-step cutting and non-dribbling side-step cutting. The findings of this study indicated that female basketball players exhibited greater initial knee flexion angle, greater knee abduction angle, greater knee flexor moment, and greater knee abductor moment of the first 20% of the stance phase in dribbling side-step cutting. Otherwise, at the time of knee peak abduction angle, hip flexion and internal rotation angle, knee flexion angle, and ankle inversion angle were greater in dribbling side-step cutting of the first 20% of the stance phase than in non-dribbling side-step cutting; at the time of knee peak internal rotation angle, hip flexion and internal rotation angle, knee flexion and abduction angle, and ankle inversion angle were greater in dribbling side-step cutting of the first 20% of the stance phase than in non-dribbling side-step cutting. Furthermore, the knee flexion angle and abduction angle were greater of the first 20% of the stance phase in dribbling side-step cutting than non-dribbling side-step cutting while the knee was under peak abductor moment. Also, the knee flexion angle and abduction angle were greater of the first 20% of the stance phase in dribbling side-step cutting than non-dribbling side-step cutting while the knee was under peak internal rotator moment. The co-contraction ratio of quadriceps and hamstrings during the first 20% of the stance phase exhibited activation of the quadriceps was higher than hamstrings when compared with dribbling side-step cutting and non-dribbling side-step cutting. From these findings of this study, we suggest female basketball players might obtain greater knee loading and face higher incidence rate of Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.