臺灣適婚男女的性別角色態度及初次約會時負擔約會費用之意圖：計畫行為理論之應用

Abstract

目的：隨著社會的演進，現代人對約會及兩性關係的看法也逐漸改變。然而，很多兩性互動的行為仍受傳統文化的影響。約會時誰應該負擔費用這個議題，一直異性戀男女約會中被廣泛討論，但卻缺少實際研究。故本研究以計畫行為理論為架構來探討臺灣適婚男女對約會時所產生之費用的負擔態度與行為，並進行分析與討論。方法：本研究採用問卷調查法，共收集了568名樣本資料。SPSS 23.0進行研究問題的統計分析。採用描述性統計以了解不同受訪者對負擔約會費用之性別角色態度、付費態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與行為意圖的分布情形。單因子變異數分析檢視不同人口統計變項的男女受訪者在性別角色態度、付費態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與行為意圖之差異。皮爾森基差相關係數分析探討男女受訪者的性別角色態度、付費態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與行為意圖的關係。多元迴歸分析來探討男女受訪者的性別角色態度、付費態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制對於行為意圖的影響。

結果：研究結果顯示，男性受訪者的付費態度1、主觀規範與月收入對於台灣適婚男女在約會費用的行為意圖一（在未來與約會對象初次約會時我會負擔約會費用）上具有顯著影響；付費態度1、付費態度3、知覺行為控制對於約會費用的行為意圖二（在未來與約會對象初次約會時我會和對方平分約會中的費用）具有顯著影響。女性受訪者的付費態度1、付費態度2與主觀規範對於台灣適婚男女在約會費用的行為意圖一（在未來與約會對象初次約會時我會負擔約會費用）上具有顯著影響；付費態度1、付費態度3、知覺行為控制對於約會費用的行為意圖二（在未來與約會對象初次約會時我會和對方平分約會中的費用）具有顯著影響。結論：臺灣的適婚男女在初次約會上，仍存在一些傳統的性別角色規範，但在認知與態度上還是傾向於性別平等的，尤其是女性大多願意平分約會費用，不過女性在付費意願方面表現出更多的自主性，但仍存在一定程度的認同男性承擔約會費用的觀念，而男性在性別角色態度和付費態度方面更保守，傾向於承擔約會費用。根據本研究結果，對實務上與未來的研究上提供建議。Purposes: With the evolution of society, modern views on dating and relationships have gradually changed. However, many behaviors in interpersonal interactions are still influenced by traditional culture. The issue of who should pay for a date has been widely discussed in heterosexual dating, but there is a lack of empirical research. Therefore, this study adopts the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework to explore the impact of attitudes and behaviors on the intention to pay for a date among single men and women in Taiwan.Method: This study employed a questionnaire survey method and collected data from 568 participants. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0. Descriptive statistics were employed to understand the distribution of gender role attitudes, payment attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions among respondents regarding paying for a date. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine the differences among male and female in gender role attitudes, payment attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions among demographic groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was used to explore the relationships between gender role attitudes, payment attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions among male and female participants. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the influence of gender role attitudes, payment attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intentions for both male and female respondents.

Results: The study results revealed that for male participants, payment attitude1, and subjective norms, along with monthly income, significantly influenced the behavioral intentions of Taiwanese single individuals toward paying for a date on behavioral intention 1 (i.e.,"I will pay all the expenses during the first date with a potential partner in the future"). Payment attitude 1, payment attitude 3, and perceived behavioral control have a significant impact on the behavioral intention concerning sharing the costs equally with the partner on behavioral intention 2 (i.e., "I will split the expenses during the first date with a potential partner in the future"). For female participants, payment attitude 1, payment attitude 2, and subjective norms significantly influence the behavioral intention of Taiwanese single individuals toward paying for a date on behavioral intention 1. Payment attitude 1, payment attitude 3, and perceived behavioral control significantly affect the behavioral intention related to sharing the costs equally with the partner behavioral intention2.Conclusion: In Taiwan, there still exist some traditional gender role norms when the single men and women go on the first date. However, in terms of cognition and attitudes, there is a tendency towards gender equality, especially among women who are generally willing to split the costs of the date. Nevertheless, women also exhibit greater autonomy in their payment preferences, while still holding to some extent the notion of men covering the expenses. On the other hand, men tend to be more conservative in their gender role attitudes and payment preferences, leaning towards assuming the dating expenses. Based on the findings of this study, practical recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided.