臺灣新冠肺炎時期對民間表演藝術團隊經營之影響探討──以朱宗慶打擊樂團、故事工廠、阮劇團為例

Abstract

2020年全球文化藝術事業遭遇史上最艱難的困境，因為嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎（又稱新型冠狀病毒，簡稱武漢肺炎，英文全名Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19]）的影響所致。這個全球史上最艱難的困境已被聯合國認定為二戰後最大的危機，而截至2021年7月18日止，全球已達189,846,156起確診病例，並造成4,093,042名患者死亡。臺灣受疫情影響期間依據國家衛生指揮中心中央流行疫情指揮中心的管制措施大致可分為三大階段，首先第一階段（2020年3月起至5月止）；其次是第二階段（2020年6月至2021年4月止）；最後是第三階段（2021年5月起至今）。本研究針對民間演藝團體，意即民間表演藝術團隊深入探究其經營策略，運用文獻蒐集法以及深入訪談法，搜集疫情時期臺灣與重要國家表演藝術產業動態，進而理解疫情期間之大事紀。再透過訪談不同經營層面的團隊，深入探究臺灣民間表演藝術團隊於疫情時期的組織變化，歸納統整各表演藝術團隊於疫情期間採取相關應對之方案，與參與政府紓困補助之成效，同時暸解各團隊面對新消費模式是否產生演出型態的轉變。研究對象以臺灣品牌團隊（國際級團隊）朱宗慶打擊樂團；TAIWAN TOP演藝團隊（全國性團隊）故事工廠；縣市傑出團隊（地方性團隊）阮劇團為例。研究結論顯示，臺灣疫情期間民間表演藝術團隊：一、依循既有的管理程序維持生存能量，但領導者的領導能力，才是決定團隊的未來走向；二、參與政府紓困補助有實質幫助，但不同經營層面的團隊，對於政府的仰賴也不同；三、運用不同的數位工具展開多元的線上發展，持續強化品牌能量與發展在地原創IP。The cultural and creative industries worldwide have encountered unprecedented challenges in 2020, due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This threating disease is considered by United Nations as the greatest crises since World War II. As of July 18, 2021, there have been 189,846,156 confirmed cases worldwide, and 4,093,042 patients have died. In Taiwan, the control measures are roughly divided into three stages, according to the National Health Command Center (NHCC)-the first from march to May 2020; the second from June 2020 to April 2021 and the last from May 2021 until now.This qualitative research is to delve into the management strategies of private performing arts groups in Taiwan under COVID-19 impacts. This study implements literature review and in-depth interview with the three groups in different scales-JU Percussion Group (international group), Story Works (national group) and Our Theatre (local group). It aims to understand what measures these groups undertake, how the government financial bailout helps, and whether these groups adopt alternative ways of their performances.The results reveal the three groups (a) maintained the operation, but the leadership in management level plays a key role for their future. (b) They benefitted from the government bailout; yet such financial dependence may vary among teams of different scales. (c) They delivered some key artistic via digital tools, with focus on re-energizing the brand and creating original IP in the future.