以德國民謠探討音樂與地理之統整教學

Abstract

為因應即將於民國九十一年九月實施的國中九年一貫教育，配合教改之基本理念與精神，本研究嘗試以德國民謠做為「藝術與人文」和「社會」學習領域課程統整設計之橋樑，目的在將音樂投射到地理的大環境來欣賞，並帶入人文層面的認知，引發學生對人文的關懷，養成接納多元文化的國際觀；透過跨領域的協同教學或單元主題的課程統整教學設計，提昇音樂教師的教學效能。 本研究第一章首先探討德國民謠與當時社會歷史的發展背景，比較北、中、南德在人文、地理環境上的差異所造成各區民謠風格的獨特性。第二章則從十一位德國作曲家的出生地，分析民謠和地緣對作曲家創作的影響情形，並研究其引用德國民謠之作品。第三章再依據前兩章的發現，設計完整的課程統整方案架構、教學活動計畫、學習目標、教案與學習單；透過教學實驗的檢視，證實由德國民謠導入音樂與地理課程統整的可行性。 本研究結果將提供九年一貫課程「藝術與人文」和「社會」跨領域整合之教學模式，做為教科書出版商或有意開發跨領域統整課程設計的教師參考之用；不過，教學實驗也發現這項統整教學雖可橫向連結不同領域的知識，激發學生主動學習的意願，增進學習成效，但是教學時間較長，對於有進度和升學考試壓力的「社會」領域而言，的確不易配合實施。因此要落實九年一貫的理念與精神，唯有教學正常化一途。In responding to the enforcement of the New 1-9 Curriculum in September of 2002, in conjunction with the essence and the concept of educational reform, this study attempts to design the curriculum integration of “arts and humanities” and “social studies” through Volkslied. The main purpose is to appreciate the music which projects to the geographic environment, and to go deep into the recognition of humanities. Promoting and encouraging students to concern with the humanities, the researcher aim to introduce and prepare those with multi-cultural acceptance and a vision of the world. In addition, it is an attempt to advance music teaching through team teaching of overstriding domains or teaching design of curriculum integration that focuses on unit topics. In Chapter One of this study, it explores Volkslied and German historical events of that time. By looking into the differences of human geography in northern, middle and southern German, the researcher discover how they contribute to the unique styles in these local Volkslied. Chapter Two is to analyze the geographical influences from their birthplaces on the eleven German composers, and to study the Volkslied they’d been quoted. Chapter Three is aimed to design the complete structures of curriculum integration, teaching activity propositions, learning goals, teaching plans and learning lists according to the discoveries of the previous chapters. Through the test of teaching experiments, this research is to prove the feasibility of curriculum integration between music and geography, guided by Volkslied. The results of this study would offer the teaching modes of overstriding domains for “arts and humanities” and “social studies” of the New 1-9 Curriculum and serve as the reference for the publishing companies of textbooks or those teachers who attempt to develop and design the curriculum integration of overstriding domains. The results indicate that this approach could connect widthwise with different fields, stimulate students’ motives in active learning, as well as advance the learning effects, however, it would consume longer time. With regard to “social studies”, which are frequently under pressure of curriculum progress and entrance examination, it’s indeed not easy to practice. Consequently, a normalized teaching is the only answer to implementing the essence and concept of the New 1-9 Curriculum.