學校本位創新經營之研究

Abstract

本研究在探討如何運作學校本位經營機制促進校務創新經營的可行性、必要性、具體辦法、配套措施。採用理論性、實證性、實用性的研究策略，透過實境進行個案研究以了解學校在學校本位經營理念及專案配合下可實施的行政組織模式，課程與教學的彈性設計，環境教育的彈性規劃。在個案研究的架構下亦配合晤談方式多方蒐集資料以增進問題的深度、廣度。晤談的對象除研究者服務的新興國中教師、家長、行政人員，亦與當初推動『臥虎藏龍』專案的教育局科長、股長以了解學校本位經營機制下，人事經費、課程、教材、評量鬆綁的合理空間，給學校自主的彈性底限，整個研究設計除參考學理的基礎外，更配合學校的現況作修正和調整。

學校創新經營在國內尚屬起步階段，大部分學校對於創新尚未能明確掌握其精神所在，因而以一所學校進行研究，較有助於深入了解參與者的獨特經驗。本研究以校務創新經營方案為課題，深受學校特殊情境及文化之影響，呈現教育現象的獨特性，研究發展所獲得的結論如下：

一、 國內推動學校本位經營有其可行性 以學校本位來推動創新經營符合當前教改的趨勢，提供學校更多彈性的空間，發揮學校辦學特色。

二、 經費和課程的自主促進賦權領域 預算、人事、課程的彈性開放增進教職員工的參與感，發揮教師專業自主權，有助於士氣提升及向心力。

三、 學校本位創新經營面臨法規不全及學校組織貫性的阻礙 國內有關人事，會計法規尚未完全鬆綁，教師傳統守舊觀念生態仍然存在，阻礙創新經營的推動。

四、 學校本位創新經營需要實施策略及辦法 透過各項行動策略及創定各項辦法方能有效去推動創新經營。

五、 推動學校本位創新經營可以提升學校效能 依據本研究的文獻探討，晤談心得或個案研究可以驗證推動學校本位創新經營、可以促進學校願景的實現，發展學校特色，維護教師專業自主權，提昇教師士氣，擴大參與，激發學生潛能，更因而發揮學校經營機制的彈性，達到提昇學校效能的目標。The study is aimed to explore how to operate the mechanism of school-based management and promote the feasibility, necessity, concrete methods and a complete set of an innovative management or the school administration. Adopting a theoretical, experimental and practicable means in research and proceeding a case study through practical situations are expected to figure out a plaucible school administrative organism. Cooperating the vision of school-based management with projects puts a mode of an administrative organization, flexible design of curriculum and teaching, flexible plan of environmental education into practice. Under the structure of a case study, it also cooperates with an interview to gather information in many ways and enhances the profundity and broadness of questions. The researcher interviews not only teachers, parents and administrative personnel in Hsin Hsing Junior High School but also the Division Chief of Education Bureau who advocates the project of “Crouhing Tiger Hidden Dragon” and the section head. Following the meeting, the writer can understand personal expenditure, curriculum, teaching materials, reasonable space of an evaluation under the mechanism of school-based management, and offer flexibility to school autonomy. Besides referring to the basis of theory, the whole study also constantly amends and adjusts with the real situation of a school. School-based innovative management is just starting domestically, so most schools can not really understand the spirit of innovation. Therefore, doing a research on one of them is more helpful for understanding each participant’s unique experience. This research puts emphasis on school administrative affairs. School management influenced by school-based background and culture shows the uniqueness of educational phenomenon. The conclusion of this research is as follows:

I. The feasibility of implement SBM in domestic. According to SBM, executing innovative management goes with the trend of educational reform. In this way, schools can have much more flexible space and develop their particularity.

II. The autonomies of budget and curriculum facilitate empowerment domains. The increasing flexibility of budget, personnel and curriculum could increase school staff’s involvement in these areas. SBM not only promotes teacher empowerment but also gathers interaction among all staff.

III. The creative management of school basis confronts the hindrance of code deficiency and the consistence of school organization. The code of personnel affairs and accounting is not yet loose. The concept of teacher’s traditional old fashion still exists. It confronts the practice of creative management.

IV. The creative management of school basis needs the implementing strategies and methods. Practicng the creative management can work by doing many strategies and setting up man methods.

V. Practing the creative management can promote the school efficiency. According to the literature review, the interview and the case study, and it is able to verify the school-based innovative management, to realize the school vision, to develop the school characteristics, to promote teacher’s professional sovereignty and morale , to encourage participation, and to stimulate the student’s potential. It can also benefit the resilience of school management system so as to achieve the goal of enhancing the school efficiency.