家庭功能對青少年自傷行為之影響：以述情障礙為中介變項

Abstract

研究目的：本研究旨在檢視家庭功能、述情障礙與高中職學生自傷行為之關聯性，以往相關研究多認為情緒調節失功能在成長環境與自傷行為間扮演了重要的中介角色，因此本研究以述情障礙作為中介變項，來瞭解家庭功能如何透過述情障礙對自傷行為產生影響。研究方法：本研究採用問卷調查法，針對臺灣地區四所高中、職學生（高中兩所）進行調查研究，共2,194人參與問卷施測，有效問卷數為2,170份（女性佔52.13%）；研究工具包括簡式家庭功能量表、述情障礙量表及自傷行為量表；本研究採用描述性統計、皮爾斯相關分析、獨立樣本t檢定，以及結構方程模式等統計方法進行資料分析。 研究結果：臺灣高中職學生自傷行為盛行率為20.49%（95%信賴區間為18.79%－22.19%），且女性自傷行為盛行率顯著多於男性（χ2 (1，N = 2,120) = 16.26，p< .001）；家庭功能與自傷行為有顯著負相關、家庭功能對自傷行為有負向預測力；述情障礙與自傷行為具顯著正相關、述情障礙對自傷行為有正向預測力，並且，難以辨識感覺之因子對自傷行為具最高之預測效果；家庭功能與述情障礙有顯著負相關、家庭功能對述情障礙具負向預測力；述情障礙在家庭功能與自傷行為的關係間，具有部分中介之效果；其中又以女性樣本之中介效果最佳。 研究結論：本研究檢證了青少年的家庭功能和述情障礙對自傷行為之影響模式，且研究者依此發現提出後續研究與實務上之建議以供家長、教師及研究和實務工作者在未來研究參考和實務上運用。Purpose: The present study aimed to understand the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury among senior high school students, and attempted to investigate the effect of family function and alexithymia in predicting nonsuicidal self-injury. In addition, we will examine the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between family function and nonsuicidal self-injury. Method: This study recruited 2,170 senior high school students through stratified (high school and technical school), and clustered (class as unit) sampling (high school students = 51.94 %; females = 52.13 %). Administered questionnaires included the short-form of Family Function Scale, 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Scale. All valid data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent-sample t-test and SEM. Results: The study revealed the following results: (1) 20.49 % ( 95 % confidence interval: 18.79 % - 22.19 %) of the participants reported that they had nonsuicidal self-injury within twelve months; females were significantly higher than males（χ2 (1，N = 2,120) = 16.26，p< .001）. (2) Poor family function significantly predicted nonsuicidal self-injury. (3) Alexithymia significantly predicted nonsuicidal self-injury, especially the factor 1(difficulty identify feeling) as the strongest factor predicting self-injury status. (4) Poor family function significantly predicted alexithymia. (5)The results from a mediated effects model indicated that alexithymia did entail the significant mediated effect of family function on nonsuicidal self-injury. Conclusions: According to results, we knew the importance of alexithymia and family function for nonsuicidal self-injury of high school students. Thus, findings from the present study provide suggestions and a reference for schools and guidance counselors, as well as for future research.