大學女性運動員學長制文化之探究──以舉重隊為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討學長制文化的意涵，主要目的有三：一、了解學長制文化的內涵與運作規則；二、探討女性運動員如何理解學長制文化；三、分析女性運動員如何因應學長制文化的運作規則。為達上述目的，本研究採取質的研究方法，運用訪談方式，選取一所有舉重隊的大學，再從中挑選舉重隊成員作為研究對象。根據訪談結果，可歸納出的研究結論如下：

一、舉重隊學長制文化的來源依據為隊規，在學長制文化當中，「禮貌」為核心價值，其次為不對等的分工模式及連帶罰。而在舉重隊學妹的理解中，「禮貌」雖為核心價值，卻是有彈性的；此外隊長扮演重要的角色，決定是否要對學弟學妹施以連帶罰。迎新以及與學姐的談心時間也是學妹視為學長制文化中的重要部分。 二、根據舉重隊學妹之理解，舉重隊學長制文化的特徵有階序性、集體性、順從性，及後果性。 三、舉重隊學妹對於學長制文化所採取之因應策略有公、私領域之分。在公領域時會學著看人臉色，並團結一致；在私領域時則是藉由幫學長學姐跑腿，來與學長學姐建立良好關係。 四、舉重隊學長制文化之性別作用反映的是學姐與學妹間重視情感連結性，及看重人際關係及情緒的特質。

This study aims to explore the meaning of hierarchy of seniority. There are three main purposes: First, to understand the meanings and the rules of hierarchy of seniority; second, to understand how female athletes think about the hierarchy of seniority; third, to understand what action female athletes would take to face the hierarchy of seniority. In order to achieve the above purposes, this study adopted qualitative methodology, and interviews. The participants were female athletes in weightlifting team. The results of study are as followed:

1.The hierarchy of seniority of the weightlifting team is based on the team rules. First, “politeness” is the core value; the second one is the unequal division of work; and the third one is the punishment. However, the female juniors in the weightlifting team think that “politeness” is flexible. In addition, the leader plays an important role in deciding whether they should impose the punishments on the juniors. The welcoming rituals and the talk time with the female seniors are also important parts to female juniors in the hierarchy of seniority. 2.The characteristics of the hierarchy of seniority of the weightlifting team are order, collectivity, obedience and consequences. 3.The female juniors in the weightlifting team use different strategies in public and in private. In public, they learn to look at the seniors’ expressions, and stick together. In private, they help the seniors run errands to establish a good relationship with the seniors. 4.In the weightlifting team, the role of gender reflects that seniors and juniors value their relationships and emotional connections.