感恩課程對大學生感恩、幸福感與復原力影響之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在設計適合大學生之「感恩課程」，跳脫過去研究單純以活動設計進行的方式，以感恩五向度為架構設計課程，內容包括珍視當下、知足惜福、感謝他人、逆境及恩典五向度，探討課程對於大學生感恩、幸福感及復原力的影響。採用準實驗研究法，研究對象為高雄地區67 位大學生，實驗組36 人進行為期四週共十二小時的「感恩課程」，控制組31 人未接受任何實驗處理。前後測工具為「大學生感恩量表」、「GQ-6 量表」、「幸福感量表」、「復原力量表」，同時分析單元總回饋表做為輔佐資料。研究結果發現：（1）課程對實驗組的「感恩」具提升效果，包括珍視當下、知足惜福、感謝他人、感謝恩典、逆境感恩五向度。（2）課程對實驗組的「幸福感」具提升效果，包括情緒、心理及社會幸福感三向度。（3）課程對實驗組的「復原力」具提升效果，包括問題認知、希望樂觀、同理人際及情緒調節四向度。課程回饋分析則顯示課程教學符合學生學習需求。研究者歸納提出未來教育、輔導及研究的建議。

The purpose of this study is to design a gratitude program for undergraduate students and to investigate its immediate and long-term effects on gratitude, well-being and resilience. The program includes five dimensions: thanking others, thanking God, cherishing what you have, appreciating hardship, and appreciating the moment. Moreover, the study is a quasi-experimental design. A total of 67 students from Kaohsiung participated in this study. In the experimental group, 36 students went through the 12-hour gratitude program. The rest of the 31 students were in the control group and didn’t undergo any training. The pre- and post-test included four questionnaires: Inventory of Undergraduates’ Gratitude, The Gratitude Questionnaire-6, Mental Health ContinuumShort Form, and Inventory of Adolescent Resilience. The researcher also analyzed a feedback questionnaire. The results showed: (1) The gratitude program elevated students’ gratitude, based on the five dimensions of the Inventory of Undergraduates’ Gratitude, (2) The gratitude program elevated students’ well-being, based on the three dimensions of Mental Health ContinuumShortForm. (3) The gratitude program elevated students’ resilience, based on the four dimensions of Inventory of Adolescent Resilience. The feedback questionnaire displayed that the gratitude program met students’ learning needs. Some concrete suggestions on education, student guidance, and research are also provided.