全美語學童之後續中文詞彙理解、書寫作文及敘事能力之探討

Abstract

本研究為瞭解全美語幼兒園畢業之學童進入國小一年級就讀之後,在中文的詞彙理解、寫作及口語敘事等表現情形之研究。本研究對象來源為基隆市兩所公立國民小學之一年級學童,從兩所學校中挑選出從全美語幼兒園畢業之學童共22位,研究者透過問卷來瞭解學童的家長社經背景及家庭中文閱讀環境;並透過畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗、國小兒童書寫語文測驗及口語敘事測驗等來瞭解全美語幼兒園之學童的中文能力。此外,由於口語敘事測驗並非標準化測驗,故研究者從22位全美語幼兒園畢業學童的班上挑出學業成績相當、就讀不含美語課程的幼兒園之一般學童組22位,同樣接受口語敘事測驗藉以和全美語學童作對照。 研究結果發現,在畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗中,全美語學童的整體表現比該年齡組的常模分數更優秀;在書寫語文測驗中,全美語學童只有在造句、用字、標點符號應用方面的表現居於中上程度,至於作文產品量、作文的內容文意層次,都在中下程度;而口語敘事測驗中,在一般幼兒園學童的敘事表現比較之下,兩校全美語學童在敘事指稱語、未完成語句、相異詞彙量、校正後相異詞出現率等向度的表現都比一般學童組較差,但在平均語句長度、總詞彙量、敘事內容連貫性、連接詞彙種類等則沒有明顯的差別;此外,若以家庭社經背景與家庭閱讀環境來看,則發現家庭社經背景對於全美語或一般學童的口語敘事表現並沒有顯著影響。 故研究者推論,全美語教學可能不會對學童的中文能力造成全面性影響,在詞彙理解及書寫造句的表現,全美語學童會有中上程度的表現;但在書寫作文的產品量較少,內容文意也較簡短且限於具體的描述;口語敘事過程中,在平均語句長度、總詞彙量及敘事連貫性則與一般學童沒有差別,但全美語的學童可能較無法對事物有清楚的指稱,表達故事情節的語句也缺乏完整,口語表達的詞彙量也比較少。
The aim of this study is to examine the language skills of English immersion preschool children. There are three examinations in the study, one is the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), another is the Written Language Ability Diagnostic Test for Children (WLADT), and still another is oral narrative assessment. The forty-four participant come from two elementary school in Keelung City. The results point four conclusion: Immersion preschool children have better performance on PPVT than the same age. On the WLADT ,immersion preschool children have better grades on the sentence and words, but on writing product and content , their grades are lower than the normal standard. Finally, on oral narrative aspect, the immersion preschool children perform lower than normal preschool ones on reference , number of different word, and corrected token type. The study suppose the difference may be caused by different curriculum. The immersion program take English as communicate language, so some children couldn’t express well in Mandarin.

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Keywords

全美語教學, 口語敘事, 幼兒語言, Immerison Program, oral narrative, child language

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