臺灣地區國小六年級學童體型意識、飲食行為及相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究之目的在於瞭解國小六年級學童體型意識及飲食行為概況，並探討個人及家庭因素對其體型意識及飲食行為的影響，以及飲食行為的預測因子。本研究屬於次級資料分析，研究對象為九十二學年度就讀於臺灣各公私立國小之六年級學童，採分層叢集抽樣法，共取得有效問卷1,975份，回收率為80%。採用頻率、平均值、標準差、卡方檢定、單因子變異數分析及複迴歸分析等統計方法，研究結果如下： 一、自我體型正確認知率，男為61.1%，女為54.4%；體型滿意度方面，有三成滿意、兩成不滿意，女生、體位過重或肥胖者，其體型滿意度較低。 二、飲食行為表現較好者為每天「總是及經常」吃早餐，佔84.2%、三餐定時，佔72.6%和以白開水解渴，佔69.8%。表現較差的是：吃太鹹的食物，佔42.6%和吃太油膩的食物，佔43.0%。 三、家長教育程度愈高者、家長有「經常」或「總是」督促孩子保持身材適中與注意低鹽、少油的飲食攝取者，以及家長飲食習慣愈良好者，其孩童飲食行為表現也愈健康。 四、飲食行為的顯著預測因子是「體型滿意度」、「家長教育程度」及「家長飲食習慣」。 根據研究結果，建議學校輔導學童正確的體型認知及飲食行為，並將家長納入學童飲食行為的介入對象及實施相關的親職教育，使家長成為孩童健康飲食的模範。The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of body image and dietary behavior among sixth grade students and explore the predictors of dietary behavior. This study used secondary data collected from all Taiwan sixth grade students enrolled in 2003. Using stratified cluster sampling, self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 1,975 sixth grade students and their parents. The response rate was 80.0%. The collected data were analyzed by means of frequencies, means, Standard Deviation, Chi-square test, ANOVA and multiple regression. The results showed that: (1) There were 61.1% male and 54.4% female students having positive body image. The female students and more obese they were, the less satisfied they were with the body figure. (2) The dietary behaviors subjects performed better were 〝always〞and 〝usually〞eating breakfast everyday (84.2%), regularity of meal time (72.6%), and drinking water when thirsty (69.8%). The dietary behaviors subjects performed poor were eating too salty food (42.6%) and eating too fat food (43.6%) . (3) The children whose parents had higher education, better dietary habit, and more frequently concerned about their child's body weight and low-salt and low-fat intake had better dietary behavior. (4) The predictors of dietary behavior were body image satisfaction, parents' education level, and parents' dietary habit. According to these results, it is recommended school to provide guidance and assistance among students about positive body image and dietary behaviors, recruit parents for intervening on dietary behavior in school children, implement parent education, and make parents serve as role models for their children's healthy dietary.