職場無菸政策對員工採行菸害防制行為及其相關因素之影響研究─以雲林縣餐飲業為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討職場無菸政策落實現況、執行利益及障礙性，並探討不同職場菸害防制政策對員工採行菸害防制行為及其相關因素之影響，以提供日後推行「無菸職場」之參考。本研究採橫斷式調查研究設計，以雲林縣餐飲業為例，共訪查69家餐廳(認證之無菸餐廳16家、非無菸餐廳53家)及232位員工，重要研究結果如下： 一、受訪餐廳中「無菸餐廳」組在「菸害防制現況」或「政策接受度」上皆顯著優於「非無菸餐廳」組，但「菸害處理機制」及「員工訓練」上，兩者皆明顯不足。 二、「性別」、「教育程度」及「吸菸習慣」是影響研究對象採行菸害防制行為最重要的社會人口學變項，尤以「吸菸習慣」的主要效果最顯著。 三、不同職場菸害防制政策對員工採行菸害防制行為及其相關因素上的確 有顯著差異，「無菸餐廳」員工之表現顯著優於其他兩組；而「未認證但有制菸政策」之員工亦優於「無禁菸區」組。 四、「自我效能」、「支持性環境」、「吸菸習慣」、「職場菸害暴露警覺度」及「行動利益性」等五個變項最能預測員工採行「菸害防制行 為」，其聯合解釋變異量達59.8%，尤以「自我效能」最具預測力。 依本研究結果，建議未來可針對員工進行菸害防制教育課程，參酌本研究中重要變項設計教材，加強自我效能、警覺度、行動利益性認知等，尤其在勸阻顧客吸菸行為的應對上，應於訓練中妥善規劃。而在無菸政策施行上，可針對「未認證但有制菸政策」餐廳優先宣導，增加政策推廣性；於「空間規劃」上給予業者適當支援，以降低其推行之障礙，並盡速推動立法，將無菸職場納入法令規範，營造無菸的支持性環境。

The main purpose of this study were to investigate the implementation of smoking-restriction policies in the restaurants and also to explore the effects of different policies on employees’ behaviour of anti-smoking and its influential determinants.Totally, there were 69 restaurants, including 16 identified smoke-free restaurants, with 232 workers in Yun-lin Country in the sample. The main findings were as follows： 1.The identifiable smoke-free restaurants performed better implementation and compliance willingness to the smoke-free poliy than other restaurants. 2.There was significant correlation between behaviour of anti-smoking and demographic variables, Predisposing factors, Reforcing factors, and enabling factors. 3.There were significant different effects on subjects’ behaviour of anti-smoking and its influential determinants with different smoking-restriction policies, and the workers in the identifiable smoke-free restaurants performed best behaviour of anti-smoking. 4.Significant predictors included self-efficacy, support emviornment, smoker, awareness of ETS, and perceived benefits, the totally variance explained was 59.8% for behaviour of anti-smoking. This study provides clear evidence that a smoke-free restaurant policy has been effective at increasing employees’ behaviour of anti-smoking. It’s sugguested that educational campaigns targeted to workers should enhance their self-efficacy and establish a totally support emviornment to anti-smoking.