心理技能訓練對國際技能競賽選手之影響

Abstract

本研究主要探討國際技能競賽選手的心理技能對競賽表現之影響，以參與第45屆國際技能競賽3名指導老師及3名選手為對象，使用半結構式深度訪談進行資料蒐集。訪談重點包括：如何進行選手心理技能之評估；培訓歷程如何訓練選手心理技能；心理技能訓練對選手心理狀態的影響。本研究以深度訪談後進行資料整理，並利用「三角檢測」確認概念之詮釋及編碼之合宜性。本研究根據資料分析獲致以下結論：現行在國手選拔過程中，透過心理抗壓及毅力測驗，分析出國際賽選手具有的個性，突顯成功的技能競賽選手獨特的人格特質，作為指導老師培訓國手時的參考資訊。培訓歷程選手心理技能的訓練，經由指導老師引導選手運用綜合目標策略，並透過模擬賽加強選手對外在干擾的抵抗力。此外，藉由記錄及回想將意象融入選手的日常訓練計畫，以及降低認知焦慮，讓選手心理放鬆進而達到生理放鬆。另選手本身亦持續使用正面自我對話增加自信，指導老師也運用團隊凝聚力增加選手的依附感，讓選手對競賽穩定性有較佳的控制感，在競賽中提升整體競賽表現。根據本研究的結果，分別針對主管機關、指導老師、選手及未來投入相關研究者提出建議，期能提升選手本身之心理技能，以促進在國際技能競賽中發揮實力。The purpose of this study was to investigate the Influence of psychological skill training on the performance of WorldSkills Competition players. Three instructors and three national players who participated in the 45th International Skills Competition were interviewed to collect data. The focus of the interviews were listed as follows: how the training program trained the players' psychological skill; how the effect of psychological skill influence the players' mental state; and how to evaluate players' psychological skill. The study used in-depth interview for data collection and triangulation to confirm the appropriateness of the interpretation and coding of the concepts. Based on the analyses of the data, the following conclusions are drawn: in the current selection process of national players, the unique personalities of international players are analyzed through psychological stress and perseverance tests, highlighting the unique personality traits of successful players and serving as reference information for instructors in training national players. The training of psychological skill of the players in the training program, the use of integrated goal strategies by the instructors, and the resistance of the players to external interference are developed through simulations. In addition, imagery is incorporated into the players' daily training program through recording and recall, and it reduces cognitive anxiety, which allows psychological relaxation and thus physical relaxation. The instructors also use team cohesiveness to increase the sense of attachment of the players, giving them a better sense of control over the stability of the competition and improving their overall performance in the competition. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are made to authorities, instructors, players, and future researchers to enhance the psychological skills of the players in order to facilitate their performance in international skill competitions.