皮日休〈正樂府十篇〉析論

Abstract

晚唐文、武、宣、懿、僖五朝，黃巢作反，時代亂離，社稷沈淪，民生凋蔽。文風隨政治世情而傾斜轉移，遂趨於侈麗浮豔，格卑氣弱。皮日休則自拔於流俗，紹繼樂府「感於哀樂，緣事而發」的精神，聚焦動盪，寫真社會，四百多首詩，宛如社會實錄，歷史考鏡，針砭時痼，諷諭時政。尤以（正樂府十篇）感事寫意，恫瘝民瘼，或寫征戰之不義、賦稅之繁苛，或述進奉之害民、貪官之虐民，血淚交織，震撼人心，感染人意。幾乎篇篇有議論，處處有對比，且多卒章顯志，畫龍點睛之筆。總此十篇，不僅抒發黎民心聲，發揮救濟人病、裨補時闕的詩歌功能，更以創作實踐力挽萎靡衰颯之時風，再現樂府高峰，而成為新樂府的光輝後勁。

Under the rebelliance of Hwang-Tzou, the social situation was in a ferment. People could rarely make good living and the whole society was downcast. Owing to the social circustance, the art style turned to garish and cringing. However, Pi Zei-Shou was the one who did jump out from that chaos. His poems inheritted the essence of Yueh-Fu and reflected the real situation of that era. (Ten Poems Collection of Jeng-Yueh-Fu) was the elite among his poems. It described the onerous taxes, cruelty of wars, and the cupidity of government officers. It also recorded the real pictures of that time so that everyone was deeply touched after reading it. The writing skills were also admirable. The arguments and contrasts used in these ten poems were the most outstanding skills, and created the splendid effects. Generally speaking, (Ten Poems Collection of Jeng-Yueh-Fu) not only spoke out for the plebeian, saved the society in decay, but also created a glorious apex ofNeo-Yueh Fu.