幼兒園家長志工對班級經營的影響與運作模式之研究-以新北市某公立幼兒園為例

Abstract

研究目的 近年來幼兒園高師生比的問題逐漸受到關注，而家長志工作為一份人力入班，會對班級經營產生許多影響，也會造成班級氣氛的轉變。本研究旨在透過研究，了解家長志工在班級中對班級經營的影響，分析家長志工與班級間的合作，探討其衝突，了解其運作模式，最後針對家長志工入班，給予教師和家長志工合作的建議。

研究方法 本研究以團體動力學為理論基礎，運用民族誌研究方法之田野觀察以及非結構式訪談法，了解家長志工進入幼兒園班級，對團體動力可能帶來的影響。

研究發現與結論 透過對走入教室的家長志工、家長志工對班級經營的影響以及家長志工與班級間運作模式等三種層次的分析，本研究發現家長志工入班後對其自身的影響，包含：「實際認識教學現場」、「從教師身上學到不一樣的教學策略」、「透過當志工能跟自己的孩子有更多話題」、「長時間擔任志工犧牲與家中其他孩子相處時間」。 研究者發現家長志工與班級經營間產生的衝突包含「家長志工無法切換家長的角色」、「家長志工面對教學現實面的不理解」、「與幼兒相處過度親暱造成學習問題」、「臨時志工帶來的班級混亂」等。 然而，家長志工入班後，對班級氣氛產生影響，包含「減輕班級壓力」、「教室裡的笑聲變多了」、「家長志工在兩位教師間給予建議」、「教師加入家長面的思考」、「學習氣氛的影響」等。最後，研究者透過分析研究場域的四個班級，發現四個班級的運作模式分別為「家長志工主動詢問需要幫忙的事情」、「家長志工協助個別幼兒能力看見」、「家長志工幫助老師適應班級」、「分工擔任黑臉與白臉」等。研究價值/原創性 國內與家長志工的相關研究，多聚焦在國小以上，而幼兒園階段的家長志工文獻極少;研究者本身為幼兒園教師，有感於家長角色對幼兒學習的重要性，並且幼兒園對於幼兒而言，是家的延伸，更加上，<志願服務法>的通過鼓勵家長入校擔任志工，少子化的影響也讓家長更重視幼兒教育，家長志工參與幼兒園班級經營更是不可避免，固然有了解幼兒園家長志工對班級經營影響的重要性。Research PurposeRecently, high proportion of teachers and students in kindergarten has been paid attention. However, parents volunteer as staffs at school not only having great influence in classroom management but also resulting in changing the class atmosphere. This research is to find out how parental volunteers in class and analyze the cooperation between parental volunteers and class, as to discuss the conflict and dig in the operation. Last but not least, focus on parental volunteers in class, they canprovide advice to teachers who are going to work with parental volunteers.Research Method

This research is based on the theory of group dynamics, using Ethnography as a research method of field research and unstructured interview to dig in and realize how parental volunteers in class and how it will influence the group dynamics.

Review of Research Findings and Conclusions Through the three different levels of analysis of parental volunteers walking into the class, the influence of parental volunteers to classroom management and the operation pattern between parental volunteers and classroom management. The research finds out the influence of themselves after parental volunteers getting into the class, including visiting the teaching environment in person, learning a different teaching strategy from teachers, through being a volunteer can have more connection with their children, being a volunteer for a long time will sacrifice quality time with other kids at home.The researchers find that there are some conflicts between parental volunteers and classroom management, including parental volunteers cannot change into being the parents, parental volunteers cannot understand the reality of teaching, being too close with children will result in study problems, and temporary volunteers will cause chaos in the class.However, after parental volunteers getting into the class, it has a great influence on a class atmosphere, including relieving the class stress, bringing more laughter in class, giving some advice between two teachers, putting teachers in parents’ shoes, and having the influence of the study atmosphere.

Finally, researchers find out the four classes of research filed, they discovered there are some differences of operation pattern among four classes respectively, like parental volunteers takethe initiative to ask if there is anything they can help, parental volunteers help kids’ ability to be discovered, parental volunteers assist teachers to fit in the class, and assign the responsibility of playing good cop or bad cop.Research Value/ Originality

There are some research of parental volunteers in Taiwan which is mostly focus on elementary school or above. However, there are few literature of parental volunteers about them in kindergarten. Being a researcher and a kindergarten teacher, I feel connected with the role of parents to kids’ learning. Besides, kindergarten is also a home to kids. With the Volunteer Service Act has been cleared, it encourages parents to do the volunteer work at school. After havingthe influence of Sub-replacement fertility, parents pay more attention on early child education. Consequently, I realize how important parental volunteers participate in kindergarten classroom management is inevitable.