十九世紀末浪漫主義的最後神童康戈爾德之研究－以《D大調小提琴協奏曲》為例
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2020
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
康戈爾德(Erich Wolfgang Korngold, 1897- 1957)為猶太血統的奧地利作曲家，1943年入籍美國，自幼就被稱為是「最後的神童」，因為有別於其他早期的神童作曲家，康戈爾德從小就展現了高超的作曲技巧，作品複雜與前衛。1906年，康戈爾德彈奏他創作的第一部作品《黃金》(Gold, 1906)清唱劇給馬勒(Gustav Mahler, 1860-1911)聽，他的才華因此受到馬勒的賞識，除了受到馬勒的讚賞之外，漢斯利克(Eduard Hanslick , 1825-1904)也曾稱他為「小莫札特」，理查·史特勞斯(Richard Strauss, 1864-1949)更說：「他是個早熟的天才。」普契尼(Giacomo Puccini, 1858-1924)認為「他是德國音樂的最大希望。」然而，1933年，希特勒掌權，納粹主義的影響擴及各領域，致使許多歐洲音樂家紛紛逃至美國，康戈爾德便是其中一員。1934年，康戈爾德前往好萊塢發展，開啟了他長達十年的電影配樂寫作之路，爾後回到先前創作的學院派音樂，《D大調小提琴協奏曲》(Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35, 1945)便是他的代表作，也是當今音樂會中常見的曲目。如此重要的音樂家卻很少人知道，對於他的相關文獻也相當稀少，因此，此篇論文主要是藉由了解康戈爾德的創作歷程，以及各重要音樂家與樂評家對他的評論，搭配上《D大調小提琴協奏曲》的分析，進而探討他在音樂歷史上的定位。
Erich Wolfgang Korngold was an Austria-Jewish composer, naturalized in the U.S.A in 1943. At his young age, he was called “the last prodigy”, and different from the other prodigy composers. Korngold showed his brilliant composition skills. His works were complex and avant-grade. In 1906, Korngold played Gold, a cantata for solo voices, chorus, and piano for Gustav Mahler, who upon hearing promptly declared the boy a genius. Besides Mahler, Eduard Hanslick called him “the little Mozart”, Richard Strauss considered him “the precocious genius”, and Giacomo Puccini remarked “ He is the greatest hope of German music.” However, Adolf Hitler governed Germany in 1933. The effects of Nazism spread everywhere widely, which caused lots of musicians in Europe to escape to America. Korngold was one of those composers. In 1934, he had worked in Hollywood as an film music composer for ten years, and then returned to absolute music. Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35 is a representative, and usually shows in today's concert repertoire. Such a vital musician is he that we pay little attention to him. The documents related to Korngold are also in small amount. Therefore, this dissertation mainly aims at realizing Korngold’s growth process, the comments many important composers and critics made on him, armed with the analysis of Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35 in order to discuss his state in the western music history.
Erich Wolfgang Korngold was an Austria-Jewish composer, naturalized in the U.S.A in 1943. At his young age, he was called “the last prodigy”, and different from the other prodigy composers. Korngold showed his brilliant composition skills. His works were complex and avant-grade. In 1906, Korngold played Gold, a cantata for solo voices, chorus, and piano for Gustav Mahler, who upon hearing promptly declared the boy a genius. Besides Mahler, Eduard Hanslick called him “the little Mozart”, Richard Strauss considered him “the precocious genius”, and Giacomo Puccini remarked “ He is the greatest hope of German music.” However, Adolf Hitler governed Germany in 1933. The effects of Nazism spread everywhere widely, which caused lots of musicians in Europe to escape to America. Korngold was one of those composers. In 1934, he had worked in Hollywood as an film music composer for ten years, and then returned to absolute music. Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35 is a representative, and usually shows in today's concert repertoire. Such a vital musician is he that we pay little attention to him. The documents related to Korngold are also in small amount. Therefore, this dissertation mainly aims at realizing Korngold’s growth process, the comments many important composers and critics made on him, armed with the analysis of Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35 in order to discuss his state in the western music history.
Description
Keywords
康戈爾德, 納粹主義, 二十世紀音樂, 好萊塢電影配樂, 小提琴協奏曲, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, the last prodigy, Nazism, 20th music, Hollywood film music, Violin Concerto