學校游泳池公辦民營風險與應變措施之研究 －以大台北地區中等學校為例
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2003
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本研究主要目的在於瞭解學校游泳池公辦民營的模式中，學校與民間廠商所面臨的風險，並進一步探討學校游泳池公辦民營中風險的有效應變措施，本研究採用訪談法進行資料蒐集。訪談對象為學校游泳池公辦民營的廠商經理人以及總務主任，並以「學校學校游泳池公辦民營風險與應變措施訪談問卷」為研究工具，以瞭解學校游泳池公辦民營的風險且獲得解決學校游泳池公辦民營風險的應變措施，經過資料分析與討論，獲得主要結論如下：
一、 學校游泳池公辦民營的風險因素有：
（一） 政治風險：招標之前的政治力介入、學校行政權責不明。
（二） 法律風險：公辦民營的合法性、合約內容的公平性。
（三） 不可抗拒風險：限水。
（四） 營運管理風險：機械設施適用性、機械維護與水質保養。
（五） 移轉風險：廠商的移轉風險、學校的移轉風險。
二、 解決學校游泳池公辦民營風險的有效應變措施有：
（一） 政治風險的應變措施：維持公開、公正、透明化的甄選程序；學校成立專責的對口單位。
（二） 法律風險的應變措施：詳細訂定學校可遵循的的法令準則、在程序上學校必須先向主管機關核備、學校與廠商訂定詳細的合約。
（三） 不可抗力風險的應變措施：政府限水政策的重新考量、延長合約期限。
（四） 營運管理風險的應變措施：學校須尋找有專業背景的營建商、學校須尋找有經驗的游泳池廠商、合約內容必須詳細訂定學校與廠商的權責。
（五） 移轉風險的應變措施：擬定明確的移轉程序；保留專款以供游泳池設備維修；以保證金的預留，供非委外期間的費用；擬定適合的合約條件，達成雙贏局面；清楚劃分設施折舊損壞的責任歸屬。
The purposes of this study were to understand the mode of risk and emergency measure of private management of school swimming pool. The study contains three parts. First, this study want to understand the risk of private management for school and civil manufacturer. Second, this study explored the effective emergency measure of private management. This study used a questionnaire for data gathering. TO interview the general management director of school and the agent of civil manufacturer and use the “Questionnaire of Risk And Emergency Measure Of Private Management Of School Swimming Pool ” understood the risk of private management of school swimming and found out effective emergency measures to resolve the risk of private management of school swimming pool. After discussions and data analysis, the major conclusions were as following: 1. The factor of the risk of private management of school swimming pool were: （1） Political risk: Political Threat before invite to bid. The authority of school administration was not explicit. （2） Law risk: The legitimacy of private management. The fairness of contract. （3） Can't resist risk: Limit the water. （4） The operation risk: Machine facilities applicability. The machine safeguard and the fluid matter maintain. （5） The transfer risk: The transfer risk of manufacturer. The transfer risk of school. 2. Effective emergency measures to resolve the risk of private management of school swimming pool （1） Political emergency measures: To maintain publicly, fair, select the procedure transparency. School establish to be responsible for the unit. （2） Law emergency measures: To detailed establish the ordinance standard that school can follow、In the procedure school must check to the supervisor organization first. The school and manufacturers establish the detailed contract. （3） Can't resist emergency measures: The government considers again about limit water policy. To prolong the contract term. （4） The operation emergency measures: The school must look for to have the profession background to construct the business、The school must look for experienced a swimming pool manufacturer. The contract content must be detailed establish the authority of the school and manufacturer （5） The transfer emergency measures: To draft the explicit removal procedure、Reserve appropriation budget to provide a swimming pool equipment maintain. Reserve with the security deposit, provide not expenses of private management the period. To draft the fit contract. To reach the win-win situation. To divide the line the responsibility ownership clearly about the facilities depreciate.
The purposes of this study were to understand the mode of risk and emergency measure of private management of school swimming pool. The study contains three parts. First, this study want to understand the risk of private management for school and civil manufacturer. Second, this study explored the effective emergency measure of private management. This study used a questionnaire for data gathering. TO interview the general management director of school and the agent of civil manufacturer and use the “Questionnaire of Risk And Emergency Measure Of Private Management Of School Swimming Pool ” understood the risk of private management of school swimming and found out effective emergency measures to resolve the risk of private management of school swimming pool. After discussions and data analysis, the major conclusions were as following: 1. The factor of the risk of private management of school swimming pool were: （1） Political risk: Political Threat before invite to bid. The authority of school administration was not explicit. （2） Law risk: The legitimacy of private management. The fairness of contract. （3） Can't resist risk: Limit the water. （4） The operation risk: Machine facilities applicability. The machine safeguard and the fluid matter maintain. （5） The transfer risk: The transfer risk of manufacturer. The transfer risk of school. 2. Effective emergency measures to resolve the risk of private management of school swimming pool （1） Political emergency measures: To maintain publicly, fair, select the procedure transparency. School establish to be responsible for the unit. （2） Law emergency measures: To detailed establish the ordinance standard that school can follow、In the procedure school must check to the supervisor organization first. The school and manufacturers establish the detailed contract. （3） Can't resist emergency measures: The government considers again about limit water policy. To prolong the contract term. （4） The operation emergency measures: The school must look for to have the profession background to construct the business、The school must look for experienced a swimming pool manufacturer. The contract content must be detailed establish the authority of the school and manufacturer （5） The transfer emergency measures: To draft the explicit removal procedure、Reserve appropriation budget to provide a swimming pool equipment maintain. Reserve with the security deposit, provide not expenses of private management the period. To draft the fit contract. To reach the win-win situation. To divide the line the responsibility ownership clearly about the facilities depreciate.
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Keywords
公辦民營, 風險, private management, risk