高中運動員主動性人格、教練控制行為對運動倦怠之預測

Abstract

運動倦怠若調適得不好，可能會使運動員永遠退出運動場，找出可能影響運動倦怠的因素是相當重要，然而高中運動員主動性人格是否調節教練控制行為對運動倦怠之預測，目前仍然不清楚。本研究探討高中運動員主動性人格、教練控制行為對運動倦怠之預測情形。方法：新北市高中甲組運動員為研究對象，共211位 (男性152位、女性59位)，其專項包含：舉重、手球、桌球、田徑、角力、空手道、柔道、籃球。經參與者同意後，填寫主動性人格量表、教練控制行為量表中文修訂版、運動倦怠量表，並以皮爾遜積差相關與多元階層迴歸進行分析。結果：主動性人格能顯著負向預測運動倦怠，教練控制行為能顯著正向預測運動倦怠，解釋變異量為28％。結論與建議：教練控制行為與主動性人格皆為預測高中運動員運動倦怠的重要變項，高主動性人格者，運動倦怠較低。再者，高中運動員知覺高教練控制行為者，則其運動倦怠也較高。建議高中教練減少控制行為，並協助增強主動性人格傾向的提升，以緩解高中運動員運動倦怠的產生。Athletes experiencing athletic burnout might result in dropout from sports. Therefore, it is important to identify factors which cause athletic burnout. However, it still remains unclear whether proactive personality of high school athletes has adjustment effect on predictions of athlete burnout from coaches’ controlling behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the predictions of proactive personality and coaches’ controlling behavior on high school athletes’ burnout. Methods: A total of 211 high school athletes in New Taipei City (152 males and 59 females) were recruited as participants. Their sport specialties include weightlifting, handball, table tennis, track and field, wrestling, karate, judo, and basketball. After Obtaining informed consent from the participants, they were requested to complete the Proactive Personality Scale, the revised Controlling Coach Behavior Scale in Chinese, and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. Results: High school athletes’ burnout were negatively predicted by proactive personality and positively predicted by Coaches’ controlling behavior, with an explained variance of 28%. Conclusions and suggestions: Proactive personality and coaches’ controlling behavior both serve as critical variables in predicting high school athletes’ burnout. Specifically, athletes with high proactive personality reported lower burnout. Furthermore, high school athletes perceived higher coaches’ controlling behavior reported higher burnout. It is suggested that high school coaches reduce controlling behavior and help enhance students’ proactive personality to mitigate athletic burnout on high school athletes.