日籍學習者之華語教具解謎遊戲設計──以臺灣外交部及觀光局出版品為主

Abstract

本研究針對不瞭解臺灣、華語零基礎的日籍學習者設計一套認識臺灣及初級旅遊華語的解謎遊戲教具。設計之教具內容多元、具激發學習者的學習意願與樂趣的趣味性，記述型內容比重低。學習者應可以自行使用教具自學，透過解謎遊戲習得臺灣的相關知識，以及赴臺旅遊時可以使用的初級華語。研究方法採用文獻研究法，蒐集解謎遊戲、觀光旅遊、華語教學及其他教育領域的相關論文，分析現狀，列出可應用於本研究設計之教具的優缺點，決定設計方針。接著利用ADDIE教材設計模式分析各項教學要素，再從外交部及觀光局出版品、華語101挑選教學內容，設計解謎遊戲謎題。教具內容為認識臺灣和初級旅遊華語兩大主題，使用20張A6大小、雙面的卡片呈現。本研究共設計了17道謎題，共有20張解謎卡片、4張輔助卡片。20張解謎卡片中，9張與華語教學有關，17張與認識臺灣有關。外交部及觀光局出版品為向外籍人士簡介臺灣的手冊，內容簡潔扼要、涵蓋層面廣泛，使用這些出版品發展教具，教師可根據學習者的興趣和特性選擇教學內容、節省教師蒐集資料和查證正確性的時間。解謎遊戲則可在一成不變的教具中加入變化，提升學習的趣味性，也可以配合學習者和教學內容調整謎題的難易度，設計出淺顯易懂的教具，並善用解謎遊戲的特色，設計可以讓學習者複習內容的謎題。未來，可事先及事後對學習者實施問卷調查或評量，讓教具更貼近學習者的實際需求、檢驗學習成效，提升教具的實用性。教材形式則可設計線上版本，豐富教材內容、增加學習者使用的便利性。This study aims to design a set of riddle game teaching materials for Japanese learners with no prior knowledge of Taiwan and Chinese, helping them understand Taiwan and learn elementary travel Chinese. The designed teaching materials feature diverse content with engaging learners' motivation and interest, while minimizing descriptive content. Learners should be able to use the materials independently for self-study, acquiring knowledge about Taiwan and elementary Chinese useful for traveling to Taiwan through riddle games. The research methodology employs literature review, collecting relevant papers on riddle games, tourism, Chinese language teaching, and other educational fields to analyze the current situation, identify the advantages and disadvantages applicable tothe teaching material design in this study, and determine the design guidelines. The ADDIE model is then utilized to analyze various teaching elements, followed by selecting teaching content from publications of Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and Tourism Bureau, as well as Chinese 101, to design riddle game puzzles. The teaching material content covers two major pillars: information about Taiwan and elementary travel Chinese, presented through 20 double-sided A6-sized cards. This research completed 20 main cards and 4 appendices, designing 17 riddles. Among the 20 riddle cards, 9 are related to Chinese language teaching and 17 are related to information about Taiwan. The publications from Taiwan's MOFA and Tourism Bureau serve as concise and comprehensive handbooks introducing Taiwan to foreigners, covering extensive areas with succinct content. Using these publications to develop teaching materials allows teachers to select teaching content based on learners' interests and characteristics while saving time on data collection and accuracy verification. Riddle games can add variety to otherwise monotonous teaching materials, enhance learning enjoyment, and allow for adjusting puzzle difficulty according to learners and teaching content, creating accessible and comprehensible materials that utilize the characteristics of riddle games to design puzzles that enable learners to review content. In the future, pre- and post-questionnaire surveys or assessments could be conducted with learners to make the teaching materials more aligned with learners' actual needs, examine learning effectiveness, and enhance the practicality of the materials. The material format could also be designed as an online version to enrich content and increase convenience for learners.