代間運動對高齡者功能性體適能及生活品質之研究

Abstract

臺灣進入高齡社會，高齡者越來越關注晚年身心健康，運動成為有效且正面的改善方式。近年積極推廣代間課程，促進世代間交流，增進族群互動與溝通，以因應高齡者面臨的議題。本研究旨在探討代間運動及多元性運動訓練對高齡者功能性體適能與生活品質之效益為何？以及瞭解代間運動與多元性運動訓練之差異。研究方法：透過前後測準實驗設計法，實驗組參加8週代間運動課程，對照組則進行8週多元性運動訓練課程。將參與研究者其前、後測成績，依組間與組內間方式分類，進行統計分析後，探究課程介入對功能性體適能及生活品質成效及差異。研究對象：針對65歲以上之高齡者，共計77位，分為實驗組36位高齡者與20位大學生及對照組41位高齡者，進行共8週，一週2次，一次120分鐘的代間運動課程或多元性運動訓練課程介入。研究結果顯示：一、實驗組高齡者在參與8週代間運動課程後，其功能性體適能中，「2.44公尺椅子坐立起身繞行」、「30秒肱二頭肌手臂屈舉」、「2分鐘原地踏步」、「抓背」、「椅子坐姿體前彎」及「30秒坐姿起立」，達顯著進步，而「30秒開眼單足立」與「握力」，成績比較後有進步；生活品質中，「感官能力」、「社交參與/隔離」與「感受與經歷死亡」，達顯著進步。二、對照組高齡者在參與8週多元性運動訓練後，功能性體適能，「2.44公尺椅子坐立起身繞行」、「2分鐘原地踏步」、「椅子坐姿體前彎」、「握力」、「30秒開眼單足立」及「30秒坐姿起立」，達顯著差異；三、針對代間運動組與多元性運動訓練組，前、後測成績差異比較，功能性體適能中，「30秒肱二頭肌手臂屈舉」、「抓背」及「握力」，達顯著差異；生活品質中，以「感官能力」、「過去現在及未來的活動」及「社交參與或隔離」的構面中，達顯著差異，而「自主性」、「感受與經歷死亡」及「親密感」，經兩組比較後，代間運動組大於多元性運動訓練組。四、功能性體適能與生活品質之相關，其中上肢肌力的「30秒肱二頭肌屈舉」與「握力」於「自主性」中，呈現負相關；此外，上肢柔軟度「抓背」與「過去、現在及未來的活動」，呈現正相關。結論：高齡者藉由參與8週的代間運動課程，能夠顯著提升其功能性體適能及生活品質；且參與代間運動課程組與多元性運動課程的長者，其經過8週後的生活品質有顯著差異。本研究依據研究過程及結果，共歸納七點研究建議，如建議進一步探究大學生在代間運動課程中的學習成效、增加比較不同場域之高齡者驗證、調整研究設計的規劃……等不同面向之建議，提供未來研究與課程內容規劃上之參考。As Taiwan enters an aging society, older adults are placing greater emphasis on their physical and mental well-being in later life. Exercise is recognized as an effective and positive means of improvement. In recent years, intergenerational programs have been actively promoted both domestically and internationally, with the aim of fostering cross-generational interactions, facilitating greater interactivity and communication among different age groups, and promoting a deeper understanding of each other to address the issues faced by aging individuals due to the aging process. This study aimed to explore the effects of intergenerational exercise and multi-component exercise on the functional fitness and quality of life of the elderly and to understand the difference between intergenerational exercise and multi-component exercise. Method: Through the pre-and post-test experimental design method, the experimental group participated in an 8-week intergenerational exercise course, and the control group took an 8-week multi-component exercise course. The pre-test and post-test scores of the participating researchers were classified by between and in the group, and after statistical analysis to understand the effects and differences of the course intervention on functional fitness and quality of life were explored. Participant: A total of 77 seniors over 65 years old, divided into 36 seniors in the experimental group, 20 college students, and 41 seniors in the control group, for a total of 8 weeks, twice a week, and 120 minutes of inter-generational exercise or multi-component exercise intervention. Result:1. After participated in the 8-week intergenerational exercise course, the elderly in the experimental group had significant different improvements in their functional fitness and quality of life; 2. The control group participated in the 8-week multi-component exercise, and there was a significant different improvements in functional physical fitness; 3. Compared the pre-and post-test performance differences between the experimental group and the control group, the functional fitness had to reach a significant difference; in the quality of life, there was a significant difference. After the two groups werecompared, the experimental group was greater than the control group. 4. The relationship between functional physical fitness and quality of life was negatively correlated with “arm curl” and “handgrip strength” with “AUT” and positively correlated with “Back scratch” and “PPF”. Conclusion: The study found that older adults who participated in 8-week intergenerational exercise course significant improvements in functional fitness and quality of life. Additionally, it was observed that there were significant differences in the quality of life between the group of older adults who engaged in intergenerational exercise courses and the group who participated in multi-component exercise programs after the 8-week intervention period. Based on the research process and results, this study had summarized seven research recommendations. These recommendations aimed to explore the learning effectiveness of college students in intergenerational exercise programs, increase the validation with elderly participants from different settings, and adjust the research design for various aspects, etc. These suggestions provided valuable insights for future research and curriculum development.