跆拳道新規則修正後對比賽的技術分析影響-以112年全國運動會為例

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探討新規則實施後的技戰術得分變化，了解目前比賽技戰術的趨勢，提供基層教練在訓練選手時的技戰術之方向。方法：以 112 年全國運動會跆拳道比賽公開男女子各量級四強選手為樣本，採用影像分析法分析其攻擊型態、攻擊動作、應用步法等技術差異，以描述性統計法呈現結果。結果：攻擊型態由主動為主，被動為輔，男女子組主動攻擊的平均次數與得分率均高於被動攻擊，攻擊腳則以前腳為主要攻擊，後腳動作為輔，男子組以左前腳為主，女子組以右前腳為主，攻擊動作則以旋踢為主，次為側踢，第三為下壓，之後依序為正拳、後踢；另外在步法上原地攻擊使用為最高、次高滑步、第三則是近身步法的得分，攻擊方式則以單一動作為最主，連續攻擊為輔；正面動作為主，背面動作為輔；中端攻擊為主、上端攻擊為輔。結論：新的回合制規則後以主動積極的攻擊型態為主，攻擊動作以單一正面旋踢動作及前腳攻擊(旋踢、側踢、下壓)為主要攻擊手段，次為連續攻擊動作(旋踢、下壓)。速度快的動作(旋踢、下壓)以及近身攻擊次數(旋踢、正拳)上有增多的趨勢。Purpose: This study aims to explore the changes in technical and tactical scores after the implementation of the new rules, understand the current technical and tactical trends in competitions, and provide grassroots coaches with technical and tactical directions when training players. Methods: The sample included the top four male and female athletes in each weight category from the 112th National Games Taekwondo competition. Video analysis was employed to examine their attack patterns, techniques, and footwork differences. The findings were presented using descriptive statistics. Results: The study revealed that active attack patterns were the most prevalent, with passive actions playing a secondary role. Both the male and female groups exhibited a higher average number of active attacks and scoring rates compared to passive attacks. The front foot served as the primary attacking foot, with the rear foot in a supporting role. The left front foot was predominantly used in the male group, while the female group predominantly used the right front foot. The main attack techniques were roundhouse kicks, side kicks, axe kicks, punches, and back kicks, in that order. Standstill was the most used footwork, followed by sliding steps and close footwork. Mono attacks were the primary attacking method, often supplemented by continuous attacks. Front-facing techniques were dominant, with back-facing techniques in a secondary role. Middle attacks were predominant, with upper attacks a secondary choice. Conclusion: Following the implementation of the new round system, the predominant attack patterns became more active and aggressive. Mono front-facing movements and front foot attacks, such as roundhouse kicks, side kicks, and axe kicks, were the main attack techniques, followed by continuous attacks (e.g., roundhouse kicks, axe kicks). There was also an observable trend towards fast attacks, particularly roundhouse kicks and axe kicks, as well as an increase in close attacks, including roundhouse kicks and punches.