單次健走與走路禪對大學生執行控制與自主神經的影響

Abstract

本研究的目的在比較大學生於30分鐘健走、30分鐘走路禪以及30分鐘休息時，三者在執行控制 (認知測驗之反應時間和答對率) 和心率變異之差異 (低頻百分比，LF%； 高頻百分比，HF%；和低高頻比值，LF/HF)。本研究招募30位健康且無規律運動之大學男生為對象，隨機分派至控制、健走和走路禪三組，每位受試者參與兩次實驗活動，一次進行實驗前解說與練習，另一次進行主實驗和測量。於實驗過程中受試者配戴Polar錶收集心率變異資料，於安靜休息10分鐘後，分別進行30分鐘休息、健走或走路禪 (過程放鬆心情、注意腳步並默數操場每圈步數) 活動，走路之運動為中等強度(自覺量表12-14)。於實驗15分鐘後,受試者接受聽力反應區辨測驗 (auditory Go/No-go test) 和sternberg工作記憶作業 (working memory task) 測驗。收集資料以單因子變異數分析和重複混合變異數分析,分別比較三組受試者認知測驗之差異和比較三組受試者之心率變異率分別在安靜、介入後和介入後15分鐘之差異。結果：1.走路禪組兩項認知測驗之反應時間皆快於健走與控制組，健走組皆快於控制組，但皆未達顯著 (p>.05)，2.走路禪Go/No-go test之答對題數顯著高於控制組 (p<.05)；健走組兩項認知測驗答對題數皆高於控制組，但皆未達顯著 (p>.05)。3.低頻比例 (LF%) 走路禪與健走組在介入後皆顯著高於控制組 (p<.05)；4.高頻比例 (HF%) 走路禪組與健走組皆低於控制組，但未達顯著差異 (p>.05)；5.低高頻比 (LF/HF) 走路禪與健走組在介入後與介入後15分鐘皆顯著高於控制組 (p<.05)。結論：單次三十分鐘走路禪改善部分認知功能，單次健走或走路禪 過程會影響交感和副交感神經系統。

The purposes of this study were to compare the differences in executive control (reaction time and accurate rate of cognitive test) and heart rate variability (low-frequency power, LF; high-frequency power, HF and LF/HF%) at single bout of 30-minutes walking, walking meditation and resting conditions of college male students. There were 30 healthy but no regular exercise habit male college students were recruited as the subjects and randomly assigned to control groups (CG),walking group (WG) and walking-meditation group (WMG). Each subject had asked to the lab twice for experimental explanation and practice and for testing. After 10 minutes of resting, each subject had carried the polar monitor system to perform either 30-minutes resting, walking, or walking meditation (focus on relaxation, step touching and counting.) The walking intensity was moderate (with 12-14 at 6-20 rate of perceived exertion). After 15 minutes of experimental activities, the subject was received the auditory Go/No-go test and Sternberg working memory task and the collected data were analzed with one way ANOVA and repeated- mixed ANOVA. Results: 1, The reaction time of WMG was faster than that of WG and CG and WG was faster than CG, but all not significant (p>.05).2,The numbers of accurate response of WMG was significantly higher than CG (p<.05) and WG was higher than CG. 3, The LF % of WMG and WG was significantly higher than CG after exercise (p<.05) . 4, The HF% of WMG and WG was lower than CG,but not significant (p>.05). 5, The LF/HF of WMG and WG was significantly higher than that of CG group during exercise and after exercise (p<.05). Conclusions: The 30 minutes of walking meditation improve part of cognitive function and the 30 minutes walking and walking meditation have changed the automatic nerve function.