咖啡因攝取與運動對血液氧化指標與抗氧化酶的影響

Abstract

目的：本研究主要目為探討連續攝取咖啡因二週後，對於中高強度運動刺激造成人體血液過氧化物及抗氧化酶的影響。方法：受試者為13位健康大學男性（年齡：23 ± 0.73 yr；身高：176.5 ± 1.98 cm；體重：77.62 ± 4.21 kg；VO2max：43.39 ± 1.45 ml/kg/min）。實驗採單盲隨機交叉設計，受試者須攝取二週咖啡因 (6 mg/kg)（C期）或安慰劑（P期）。隨後以中高強度原地跑步運動 (85％VO2max) 評估運動前對氧化壓力的變化。在增補前、運動前、運動後分別採集血液樣本分析血漿乳酸濃度、硫巴比妥酸反應物質（TBARS）濃度及紅血球溶胞液的過氧化氫酶（CAT）活性、超氧化離子歧化酶（SOD）活性、麩胱甘肽過氧化酶（GSH-Px）活性。所得數據以相依樣本t考驗、相依樣本雙因子（組別 × 時間）變異數分析( ANOVA )與相依樣本單因子共變數分析 ( ANCOVA ) 檢定。結果：咖啡因可使SOD活性在運動後(28870.77 ± 6275.57 U/g Hb)顯著高於增補前(14347.69 ± 3550.27 U/g Hb) (p＜.05)；GSH-Px活性在運動後(1.13 ± 0.57 μmol/min/g Hb)亦顯著高於運動前(0.52 ± 0.08 μmol/min/g Hb) (p＜.05)；CAT活性則在運動後稍微高於運動前，惟未達統計水準。C期與P期乳酸濃度在運動後皆顯著高於運動前 ( p＜.05 )。TBARS濃度在C期與P期間或同期各時間點間皆未達顯著差異（p >.05）。結論： 兩週攝取咖啡因可提升中高強度運動後抗氧化酶的能力，但無法減少因氧化壓力所引起的血液脂質過氧化物。

關鍵詞：咖啡因、運動、抗氧化酶

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of consecutive two-week supplementation of caffeine on blood lipid peroxide and antioxidative enzymes with a stimulus of medium to high intensity of exercise. Methods: Subjects were thirteen healthy college male volunteers (age: 23 ± 0.73 yr, hight: 176.5 ± 1.98 cm, weight: 77.62 ± 4.21 kg, VO2max: 43.39 ± 1.45 ml/kg/min). Either two weeks of caffeine (6mg/kg) (C phase) or placebo (P phase) was orally ingested in a cross-over, single-blind random fashion. At the end of each treatments, a bout of high intensive treadmill exercise (85％VO2max) was performed to observe changes of blood indicators on oxidative stress. Blood samples were collected before, after supplementation ( or before exercise ) and immediately after exercise, from which catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) acivity and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）activity in erythrocyte lysate and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances（TBARS） were analyzed. Paired t test, two-way (treatment × time) ANOVA and one way ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: SOD activity was significantly increased after exercise (28870.77 ± 6275.57 U/g Hb) than before (14347.69 ± 3550.27 U/g Hb) supplementation in caffeine trial (p＜.05). GSH-Px activity was also significantly higher after exercise (1.13 ± 0.57 μmol/min/g Hb) than before (0.52 ± 0.08 μmol/min/g Hb) in caffeine trial (p＜.05). The increase in CAT activity was slightly higher after exercise than before in caffeine trial. Lactate was significantly increased after exercise than before (p＜.05). However, plasma TBARS showed no significant differences both in treatment trials and time trials. Conclusion: Two-week caffeine supplementation leads to increased activity of blood antioxidative enzymes against oxidative stress of high-intensity exercise, though no changes in lipid peroxide was observed.

Keywords: caffeine, exercise, antioxidative enzymes