建構式玩具於學生空間能力之啟發應用及創作

Abstract

在基礎設計教學中，立體物件的觀察以及空間識圖能力的養成，對學生未來在設計、工程、科技等領域皆具有重要意義；發展兼具趣味性與教育意義的教具輔助教學，是一項值得深入探討的方向。本研究以國中七年級生活科技課程中的「識圖與製圖」單元為核心，探討建構式玩具在培養學生形狀與空間能力上的應用價值。教學目標專注在訓練學生觀察與分析立體物件的形狀特徵，發展從立體物體繪製三視圖，以及從平面圖還原立體圖的轉換能力。本研究分為五個階段進行。第一階段探討空間能力的學習歷程，研究學生在觀察、判斷與建構空間概念的發展過程，以利教師有效教學。第二階段分析現今市面上多種類型建構式玩具，透過遊戲情境的質性觀察與分析，建立適當的空間能力引導模式。第三階段進行教具應用設計，發展具教育潛力的建構式教學工具。第四階段進行實際教學，透過學生的操作與回饋，驗證教具對空間能力提升的成效，並據此優化教學模式；初步研究結果發現，學生在操作建構式玩具輔助學習的過程中展現出對空間視覺判斷與推理能力的提升，在繪製三視圖與判讀立體圖方面，分別達平均分 4.2 2 分與 4.15 分；在自由創作的活動中，也對創意與構形能力有幫助。最後在第五階段中，則依據前述研究結果轉換為創作策略，嘗試由教師端設計可提升學生空間能力之輔具，完成個人的五項創作；其分別為《三視圖觀察學習箱》、《滾珠軌道挑戰》、《拼圖小精靈》、《微縮科技教室》與《空間創意立方》。經實際應用於教學回饋顯示，多能引發學生操作的興趣，提升學生的空間能力及創造力。由此得知，建構式玩具不僅能增進學生對形狀與空間的理解與轉換能力，亦有助於激發其想像力與創造力，是實踐空間素養導向教學的有效輔具；可作為生活科技課程中空間教學的創新資源，並為未來跨領域教具開發提供具體範例與研究之參考。In design education, developing students’ ability to observe three-dimensional objects and interpret spatial representations is crucial for future learning in design, engineering, and technology. This study focuses on the"Drawing and Drafting" unit in Taiwan’s 7th-grade Life Technology curriculum, exploring how constructive toys can support the development of shape recognition and spatial ability. The teaching aimed to train students to analyze 3D object features and enhance their ability to convert between three-view drawings and 3D forms. The study was conducted in five stages. First, it examined how students develop spatial concepts to inform effective teaching. Second, it analyzed various commercial constructive toys to identify strategies for guiding spatial development. Third, it involved designing educational constructive tools. Fourth, a teaching experiment was conducted to assess their effectiveness. Results showed improvements in spatial reasoning, with average scores of 4.22 in drawing three views and 4.15in interpreting 3D forms. Creative tasks also helped enhance students’ imagination and design skills.Finally, based on research findings, five educational creations were developed: Three-View Observation Box, Rolling Ball Track Challenge, Puzzle Elf, Miniature Technology Classroom, and Spatial Creative Cube. Feedback showed increased student engagement and improved spatial and creative abilities. Overall, constructive toys proved to be effective tools for spatial learning and can serve as innovative resources in Life Technology education.