初任父親最初一年父職經驗之研究
Abstract
研究指出，早期父職經驗可以預測往後的父職模式，因此，探討最初父職經驗，有助於理解父職模式的形成。本研究以六位初任父親為對象，進行深度訪談，根據其回溯之父職經驗，探討其第一年的父職經驗歷程；父職脈絡因素；父職角色轉變、壓力與資源運用，以及對父職的感受和期待。
本研究主要發現結果摘要如下：
一、第一年父職經驗，依照時間順序，經歷「預備醞釀」、「父職概念模糊」、「衝
擊慌亂」、「父親親職角色緩衝適應」、「子女生活照顧」及「發展教養角色」
等六個階段。其關注焦點與父職內涵各不相同。
二、初任父親之成長性格、對父親的印象、觀察與學習經驗、夫妻互動關係、與
原生家庭的互動關係、工作時間與壓力、孩子的發展與特質等因素，共同影
響其父職經驗脈絡。
三、許多超過預期的轉變與壓力接踵而至，「經濟、時間、精力付出」、「掌握頭緒」、
「調整生活重心」都是初任父親亟需克服的難題。他們較常使用「資訊」及
「支援」性社會資源紓緩其壓力。
四、初任父親大多沒有理想父職角色模範，其父職角色發展的主要考量為：「避免
成為不適任的父親」及「根據孩子的狀況調整」。
本研究根據研究結果，對於初任父親親職教育規劃，以及後續研究提出建議。
According to previous research, early paternal experience may forecast the future paternal model. Therefore, the investigation on the initial paternal experience assists in understanding the formation of paternal model. This research employs six first-time fathers as the target to conduct in-depth interviews. Based on the recall of paternal experiences, the first year paternal experience, paternal contextual factors, paternal role change, stress and resource management, paternal perception and expectation are examined. This research reveals the summary of results as below: 1. By following the time sequence, there are six stages including “preparation and cultivation”, “obscure paternal concept”, “impact and confusion”, “buffer for adaptation to paternal role”, “caring for children living condition”, and “development of parenting role” during the first year paternal experience. Furthermore, the emphasis and paternal connotation are different. 2. The character, impression on father, observatory and learning experience, marital interaction, interaction with family of origin, working hours and stress, children development and distinctive characters, and other factors will mutually influence the contextual experience of the first-time father. 3. Several transitions which exceed expectation and stress continuously develop. Some of the difficult issues which the first-time fathers have to overcome include 4. “economy, time and energy devotion”, “comprehending the main theme”, and “adjustment of life focus”. Commonly, fathers will utilize “information” and “support” from society resources to relief their stress. 5. Most of the first-time fathers have no ideal paternal role model. In addition, the main considerations for paternal role development are “avoid being an irresponsible father” and “adjustment based on the children condition”. Based on the results, this research provides suggestions in planning of parent education for first-time fathers and future research.
According to previous research, early paternal experience may forecast the future paternal model. Therefore, the investigation on the initial paternal experience assists in understanding the formation of paternal model. This research employs six first-time fathers as the target to conduct in-depth interviews. Based on the recall of paternal experiences, the first year paternal experience, paternal contextual factors, paternal role change, stress and resource management, paternal perception and expectation are examined. This research reveals the summary of results as below: 1. By following the time sequence, there are six stages including “preparation and cultivation”, “obscure paternal concept”, “impact and confusion”, “buffer for adaptation to paternal role”, “caring for children living condition”, and “development of parenting role” during the first year paternal experience. Furthermore, the emphasis and paternal connotation are different. 2. The character, impression on father, observatory and learning experience, marital interaction, interaction with family of origin, working hours and stress, children development and distinctive characters, and other factors will mutually influence the contextual experience of the first-time father. 3. Several transitions which exceed expectation and stress continuously develop. Some of the difficult issues which the first-time fathers have to overcome include 4. “economy, time and energy devotion”, “comprehending the main theme”, and “adjustment of life focus”. Commonly, fathers will utilize “information” and “support” from society resources to relief their stress. 5. Most of the first-time fathers have no ideal paternal role model. In addition, the main considerations for paternal role development are “avoid being an irresponsible father” and “adjustment based on the children condition”. Based on the results, this research provides suggestions in planning of parent education for first-time fathers and future research.
Description
Keywords
初任父親, 父職經驗, 深度訪談, first-time father, paternal experience, in-depth interviewing