臺灣不同背景變項經濟弱勢青少年未來導向、憂鬱情緒與生活滿意度之相關研究

Abstract

臺灣的經濟弱勢青少年經常面臨由於經濟資源匱乏，在規劃人生夢想與藍圖時，必須要面臨現實經濟困境而產生許多掙扎和不安，經濟弱勢青少年比起一般青少年可能經歷更嚴峻的挑戰，也影響了經濟弱勢青少年心理健康問題。本研究旨在探討臺灣不同背景變項經濟弱勢青少年之未來導向、憂鬱情緒與生活滿意度之間的關係。本研究樣本源自臺灣兒童及少年長期追蹤調查計畫（Taiwan Panel Study of Children and Youth, TPSCY）所釋出之2017年兒少版自填問卷，有效樣本共763位，包含男性共339位，佔44.43%；女性共424位，佔55.57%。資料分析方法為描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、pearson積差相關與調節效果等，研究者歸納出研究結果如下：（一）不同性別在未來導向上有顯著差異；不同就學狀況在未來導向與生活滿意度皆有顯著差異；對學歷有不同自我教育期望者，在未來導向與生活滿意度皆有顯著差異；不受外在條件限制下，對學歷有不同自我期望者，在未來導向與憂鬱情緒皆有顯著差異；對學歷有不同自我知覺家長教育期望者，在未來導向與生活滿意度皆有顯著差異。（二）經濟弱勢青少年的未來導向與憂鬱情緒無顯著相關，但生活滿意度與未來導向有顯著正相關，生活滿意度與憂鬱情緒則有顯著負相關。（三）經濟弱勢青少年的憂鬱情緒在未來導向與生活滿意度之間扮演調節的角色，經濟弱勢青少年的憂鬱情緒程度越高，越會消弱未來導向與生活滿意度之間的正向關係；反之，經濟弱勢青少年的憂鬱情緒程度越低時，則較不會消弱未來導向與生活滿意度之間的正向關係。最後依據本研究結果，對於未來研究和實務工作提出建議。Economically disadvantaged youth in Taiwan often face numerous struggles and uncertainties when planning their life dreams and aspirations due to limited economic resources. Compared to their peers, economically disadvantaged youth may encounter more severe challenges, which also impact their mental well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among future orientation, depressive mood, and life satisfaction of economically disadvantaged adolescents with different background variables in Taiwan. The sample of this study resulted from the 2017 self-administered questionnaire for children and adolescents, released by the “Taiwan Panel Study of Children and Youth (TPSCY),” with a total of 763 valid samples. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, pearson correlation coefficients, and moderation effects. The study revealed the findings as follows: 1. There were significant gender differences in future orientation. There were significant differences in future orientation and life satisfaction with different schooling status. Participants with different educational expectations had significant differences in future orientation and life satisfaction. Participants with different self-expectations regarding education, regardless of external conditions, had significant differences in future orientation and depressive symptoms. Participants with different self-perceived parental educational expectations had significant differences in future orientation and life satisfaction. 2. There was no significant correlation between future orientation and depressive mood among economically disadvantaged adolescents, but there was a significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and future orientation, and a significant negative correlation between life satisfaction and depressive mood. 3. Depressive mood played a moderating role between future orientation and life satisfaction among economically disadvantaged adolescents. The higher the depressive mood was, the more it weakened the positive relationship between future orientation and life satisfaction. Conversely, the lower depressive mood was, it had less impact on the positive relationship between future orientation and life satisfaction. Finally, based on the results of this study, recommendations are made for future research and practical work.