朴樹林聚落區永續發展之地理研究－以新豐鄉鳳坑村樹林子聚落為例

Abstract

新竹縣新豐鄉鳳坑村的樹林子（即鳳坑村第二、三鄰），有144 棵樹齡在 30 歲至200 歲的老朴樹，圍繞在房舍與道路四周，因為資源珍貴且景觀特殊， 已為地方政府列入「鳳坑村朴樹調查保護計畫」中。本研究透過實地考察，掌 握朴樹的生態及其分布特性，推論出樹林子的朴樹會不斷輪替更新，而房舍的 興建似乎會阻礙朴樹的更新。經由問卷訪談、文獻蒐集及分析，追溯朴樹林栽 植之緣起，推測樹林子地區在墾殖前可能是疏林草原，於乾隆二年因姜朝鳳家 族的拓墾，基於防風定砂的需求，而栽植原本散生於當地的朴樹，經過數十年 的生長，呈現出朴樹成林的景觀，樹林子地名於焉形成。朴樹林的景觀隨著樹 林子的聚落發展而變換著，無論如何轉變，朴樹林依然守護著樹林子的姜氏後 人，儼然成為樹林子的地方特色，進而轉化為鄉土襲產。透過上述研究成果， 提出朴樹林聚落景觀區永續發展的策略，宜與「紅毛港紅樹林遊憩區」共同規 劃；並經由社區總體營造的模式，達成政府、居民及遊客三贏之目的。There are 144 old hackberry trees (Celtis spp.), from 30 to 200 years of age, by the roads and houses in Feng-Keng(village) , Hsin-Feng(rural township) , Hsin-Chu(Prefecture) . The local government has already noticed it’s speciality, and thus provided a plan to protect these trees. In this study, I investigated the ecologic characteristics and distribution of these trees. Results show that hackberry trees contineously grow and die, and building activities may hinder some of them to renew. By analyzing questionnaires and documents, I conclude that this area might be grassland before cultivation by the Chiang family in 1737. The Chiang family grew more hackberry trees that had already been there in order to protect their houses and the crops. After decades, the trees grew to hackberry forest, and this area was thus named after it. The scence of hackberry forest has changed with settlement development. Hackberry forest is still closely linking with the Chiang family, no matter how it changes. The forest has become the vernacular regional heritage of the settlement. By these studies, I recommend a strategy of sustainable development of hackberry forest and the settlement that combine with “Mangrove Recreation Region “ locating at the north of the hackberry forest, and makes the local government, local residents, and the tourist to share the benefits of community management and development.