錯視應用於土地政策議題海報設計創作研究

Abstract

海報設計手法千變萬化，皆為傳達事件或議題而生，即便當今時代科技日新月異，海報傳達仍深具魅力，甚至結合藝術、影像等媒介再造視覺的新生命。然而，生活中資訊瞬息萬變，設計師如何透過海報設計有效地傳達訊息，進而引發觀者的關注與反思? 運用什麼樣的方式來訴說，能帶給觀賞者更多的趣味性及視覺思考?都是設計執行的切要重點。 以錯視手法為探究主題，運用文獻分析法、案例研究法及創作實驗法，探討其表現形式中視覺與知覺所產生分歧的現象，此兩者夾帶的曖昧或矛盾關係所形成的圖像視覺張力，為現今視覺設計常用手法之一。透過本研究歸納六項常用於視覺表現的錯視種類，包含：幾何錯視、運動錯視、漸變錯視、圖地反轉、空間悖理及多義圖形，了解其種類型態、圖像演化脈絡，以及實質應用的呈現手法、色彩表現、敘事性……等，並以台灣土地政策議題為手法詮釋之核心。土地，是人類生存不可或缺的自然資源，使用競爭一直是台灣土地問題最大的來源，探討議題包括環境保育、文化保護及貧富消弭三項子題，透過自然媒材如土、沙、鐵粉繪製來強化其議題的陳述，藉由創作實驗錯視圖像傳達訴求的可能。 本研究結論發現錯視圖像的色彩對比性多半強烈，以高對比、高反差將議題的矛盾關係襯托而出，且多數錯視因蘊含事件的因果關係，並多於二維、三維或多維空間中轉換，極具時間性及空間性之表現，再者，錯視譬喻表現多以明喻為主，以提升複雜的錯視圖像的被理解程度；空間悖理、多義圖形音圖像造型多元，運用隱喻的機會較多，敘事性相對強烈，而自然物媒材的開創更有助於土地政策議題的論述。The ways to design poster are ever-changing. They are all created by event or issue. Even in this modern society with booming technology, poster design is still valuable, and it even recreate the visual communication a new life by combining media such as art or video. However, the information is changing rapidly in our daily life. How could designers convey information effectively on poster design and get viewers to pay attention and reflect? Which one would be the best way to present our appeal, bring more interest and visual thinking to viewers? They are all the key points of design execution. Methods of this study included literary analysis, case study and creative experimentation. The main theme of the study is visual illusion, which contain phenomenon of contradiction between visual and perception, and serves as one of the common visual design methods nowadays. I generalized six kinds of illusion images through the study process, including geometrical-optical, overlapping illusions, gradient illusion, negative space, contrary to reasongraph and ambiguous figure, and then explored the patterns of species, the evolutionary context of the images, the presentation methods, color expressions and narrative, etc. They are all based on land justice issues as the core purpose. Land is the natural resource that we can’t live without, but land-use competition is the big source of the land problem in Taiwan. The issues are divided into three main categories: environmental conservation, cultural protection and bridging the rich-poor gap. Using soil, sand and iron powder as mediums makes the visual communication be more effective. By making the experimental creations, it show us every possibility of the illusion in visual communication. The study discovered that most color contrast of illusion images are strong. With high contrast, the contradictory relationship of issue could be set off. Otherwise, most of illusions have cause-effect relationship and be transformed in 2D, 3D or multidimensional space. They all contain temporal and spatial concepts. Moreover, most of illusions abound in similes more than metaphors, for they are trying to enhance viewer’s understanding about complex illusion images. However, contrary to reasongraphs and ambiguous figures often have diverse shape, they have more chances to contain metaphors, their narrativity's power is relatively strong , and using natural medium makes visual communication more effectively pass information of land justice issues.