應用PREMIS於數位物件長期保存之研究

Abstract

數位物件保存是各機構一直以來都必須重視的議題，在數位化時代，文化記憶機構亦積極將其典藏的重要資源數位化。不論是數位儲存媒體的損壞、老舊，或者數位檔案格式的過時，以及數位檔案的真實性與完整性等因素，都使數位資源保存的議題更形複雜。本研究目的為探討國內文化記憶機構對數位物件保存的認知和其重要性、國內文化記憶機構的數位物件保存策略和檔案保存格式，並探討PREMIS和數位物件長期保存實務工作之間的相關性，以及了解數位物件長期保存面臨的問題和困難。 本研究採用質性研究方法，以深度訪談法進行資料蒐集，對國內文化記憶機構進行訪談，前測受試者一位。參與研究的對象共14人，其中所屬機構為圖書館的有七位（分屬四個圖書館），檔案館的有四位，博物館的有三位。 本研究結果顯示，國內文化記憶機構面臨到的問題和困難往往都是數位載體壽命有限、儲存空間不足、數位物件的檢查工作耗力又耗時、經費不足、人力時常變動、設備老舊等。然而，保存不僅限這些問題，還需定期檢查數位物件的真實性、完整性和固定性，以確保數位物件的更動歷史、判斷保存的內容是否完整，以及是否經過有意無意的竄改。此外，需定期執行權利盤點，以確保擁有所有數位物件的完整授權。因國內文化記憶機構目前皆無導入PREMIS，期望未來國內化記憶機構和研究者可以將PREMIS導入保存系統，並搭配OAIS標準之數位物件保存系統，探討實際操作情形並提出改善方向。

The preservation of digital objects is an issue that institutions must always pay attention to. In the digital era, memory institutions also actively digitize the important resources of their collections. Whether it is the damage of the digital storage media, the aging, or the outdated digital file format, and the authenticity and integrity of the digital files, it’s made the issue of digital resource preservation become more complicated. The purpose of this study is to explore the cognition and importance of digital preservation in domestic memory institutions, the digital object preservation strategy and preservation format of domestic memory institutions, and to explore the correlation between PREMIS and long-term preservation practices of digital objects, and understand the problems and difficulties faced by long-term preservation of digital objects. This study used qualitative research methods to collect data by in-depth interviews, interviewed domestic cultural memory institutions, and pre-tested one subject. There were 14 participants in this study, including seven in the library (belong to four libraries), four in the archives, and three in the museum. The results of this study show that the problems and difficulties faced by domestic memory institutions are often limited by the limited life of digital carriers, insufficient storage space, laborious and time-consuming inspection of digital objects, insufficient funds, frequent changes in manpower, and old equipment. However, preservation is not only limited to these problems, but also necessary to regularly check the authenticity, integrity and fixity to ensure the history of changes to digital objects, to determine whether the content is intact, and whether it has been intentionally or unintentionally tampered with. In addition, enrollment of rights is performed on a regular basis to ensure full authorization of all digital objects. Since domestic memory institutions do not currently import PREMIS into system, it is expected that domestic memory institutions and researchers can import PREMIS into the preservation system in the near future, and use the OAIS standard digital object preservation system to explore the actual operation situation and propose improvement directions.