我國大學專業博士學位辦理現況之探究-以教育博士及管理博士為例

Abstract

因應高等教育大眾化與知識經濟全球競爭時代，各國政策強化高等教育與產學連結，知識生產模式也隨之轉變，傳統哲學博士學位的培訓方式受到挑戰，1980年代後期以來，在美國、英國、澳洲等國家，專業博士學位有大幅擴增的趨勢，而我國博士教育近年面臨招生困難、學用落差、人才斷層等三方困境，政府亦推動課程及學位分流相關政策，實有必要了解我國大學辦理專業博士之現況。本研究旨在以教育博士EdD和管理博士DBA為研究範圍，探究我國大學專業博士學位辦理現況，包括：辦理模式、設立緣由、價值與效益、問題與挑戰等四部分，在研究方法上採取文件分析及訪談法，就相關博士班之校系網頁、招生簡章課程及修業規定等資料進行文件分析，並訪談相關系所教授及博士生計28名所得相關資料進行比較分析。研究結論如下：(一)辦理模式：(1)我國大學對於學位名稱重視不足，專業博士學位的中文名稱未與哲學博士學位區隔，且學位中英文名稱資訊公開不佳；(2)我國教育類博士班EdD學位與PhD學位辦理模式並無明顯差異，亦與國外知名大學的EdD學程辦理模式不同；(3)我國DBA辦理模式與國外大學相仿，惟仍將學術論文期刊發表列為畢業門檻。(二)設立緣由：(1)教育領域相關系所對EdD的概念尚待釐清，學位名稱的訂定與教育目標及課程之間較無嚴謹的規劃和連結；(2)管理領域對管理專業博學位DBA的認知較清楚，對於DBA的設立緣由亦能明確說明；(3)政府推動課程分流及產學合作政策，為影響國內專業博士班設立的因素之一。(三)價值與效益：(1)符合國際高教發展趨勢，強化產學合作連結；(2)配合社會需求，推動博士人才培育的分流分軌，為國家社會培養不同的人才，提供在職人士進修機會；(3)有助大學經營，建立業界校友的網絡，引進資源協助學校，另可培養大學的實務教學師資，提升學生就業力；(4)嘉惠學生，理論與實務可整合運用，也有助創新轉型。(四)問題與挑戰：(1)社會對於專業博士學位的觀念和認知尚待釐清；(2)我國尚未建立專業博士學位的基本規範及品質管控機制；(3)我國博士教育市場仍以國內為主，難以分軌培育，另哲學博士學位也在轉型，不一定有需求；(4)實際執行時，具實務經驗的師資不足，課程、教學和研究訓練待調整。最後，依據研究發現及結論提出具體建議，分別提供教育主管機關、大學校院及後續研究之參考，對於我國未來專業博士教育之發展諒有貢獻。In response to the era of mass higher education and the global competition of the knowledge economy, many countries had strengthened the connection between higher education and industry, and the mode of knowledge production was also changed. The traditional PhD training model has been challenged. Since the late 1980s, there has been a trend for professional doctoral degrees to increase significantly in US, UK, and Australia. In recent years, our doctoral education has faced trilateral difficulties such as enrollment difficulties, education and employment mismatch, and talent gaps. The government has also promoted curriculum and degree tracking policies. It is necessary to understand the current status of professional doctorates in Taiwan’s universities. The purpose of this study is to explore the current status of professional doctorates in Taiwan’s universities, focusing on the Doctor of Education ( EdD) and the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA). It is based on a review of the literature about the professional doctorates of USA, UK, and Australia, document analysis of the professional doctorate programs, and interviews with 28 professors and students. Based on the research purpose and findings, the conclusions of the study are as follows: 1.The educational model of the Professional doctorates: (1) Taiwan’s universities pay insufficient attention to the titles of the degree. The Chinese titles of the professional doctoral degrees are not differentiated from the academic PhD, and the information on the Chinese and English titles of the degrees are not clearly disclosed. (2) It’s hard to find significant differences between EdD and PhD programs. They are different from the EdD programs of the well-known foreign universities. Therefore, there is no genuine EdD program in Taiwan. (3) The DBA programs in Taiwan’s universities are similar to the DBA programs of the universities listed in the literature review. However, publishing of academic papers on SSCI journals is required for graduation of the domestic DBA programs. 2. The reason for establishment of professional doctorates: (1) The conception of EdD degree is not clearly known in the field of Education. The title of the degree is not well planned and linked with the educational goals and the curriculum of the doctoral program. (2) The professional degree DBA gains a good understanding in the field of management. The reasons for the establishment of the DBA programs can also be clearly stated. (3) The government's policy to promote the curriculum tracking and industry-university cooperation is one of the factors affecting the establishment of domestic professional doctoral programs. 3.The value and benefits of professional doctorates: (1) It helps to connect to the international trend of higher education and strengthen the industry-university cooperation. (2) It contributes the diversification of doctoral education and cultivating different talents for the society; and it can also meet the current situation of domestic doctoral programs enrollment, providing opportunities for in-service professionals to pursue further education. (3) It meets the need of the target students, helps the doctoral program enrollment, and establishes a network and exchange platform of alumni from industries, introducing resources to support universities. Moreover, it can also cultivate professors of practice to enhance students’ employability. (4) The PD program combines both theories and practices, to meet the learning needs of the in-service students, and through the integration of practices and theories, it also helps students to innovate and transform in their professional life. 4. The problems and challenges for developing professional doctorates in Taiwan: (1) The academic supremacy in the universities and the social values and perceptions of diplomas would be a big challenge. (2) Ministry of Education has not established a basic regulation and quality assurance mechanism for professional doctorates in Taiwan. (3) The market of doctoral education is still limited in the domestic area, therefore, it’s difficult to develop the professional doctorates. (4) Professors with practical experiences are insufficient, and the curriculum, teaching and research training are to be adjusted. Based on the research findings and conclusions, some specific suggestions for the development of professional doctoral education in Taiwan are provided for the education authority, universities and future studies. These could contribute to the future development of professional doctoral education in Taiwan.