自然史博物館策展人員資訊行為之研究

Abstract

本論文採用質性研究取向，以半結構式深度訪談法蒐集資料，整理分析自然史博物館策展人員的資訊需求及特性、資訊尋求行為及影響行為之因素，以及其資訊使用之情況；最後歸納出自然史博物館策展人員的資訊行為模式。期望藉由本研究，可以對自然史博物館策展人在規劃展覽時的資訊行為有更進一步的瞭解與掌握。茲將本研究之結果歸納如下。 在自然史博物館策展人員的資訊需求方面：（一）資訊需求與工作任務之相關性高：策展人的資訊需求由策展工作而產生，透過其主觀認知來完整呈現展場的整體設計規劃，用以解決處理工作相關問題；（二）策展人的資訊需求因展示個案之主題與目的性而異（三）影響策展人資訊需求特性之因素複雜：策展人的資訊需求因人口資料特性、展覽主題複雜性、策展頻率、可預測性、展示籌劃時間、目標觀眾等複雜因素影響而有所改變；（四）策展人的資訊需求可能持續變動直到展示完成。 在自然史博物館策展人員的資訊尋求方面：（一）策展人尋求的資訊管道具多重性，個人知識和人際管道是重要來源：策展人的資訊管道可歸納為個人知識、人際管道、其他博物館與機構、圖書館、學會／協會與組織、研討會、網際網路、電視頻道等九種，以個人知識和人際管道是為重要；（二）策展人尋求資訊的類型多樣化；（三）影響策展人資訊選用之要素：策展人最重視資料的正確性，同時要求資料的可用性、適用性及品質，資訊的可得性、及時性與費用也是評估的要素。 在自然史博物館策展人員的資訊使用方面：（一）展覽是最重要的資訊產出：資訊產出內容包含展場內所有的展示物件，還有展覽相關出版品以及展覽網頁、解說導覽訓練與科學教育活動，展覽是策展人資訊使用的具體結果；（二）投稿與出版專書是最常見的資訊再利用方式：策展人因為策展需求所取得的資料，除了直接使用在展覽上，最常見的再利用方式就是投稿與出版。 根據研究結果，本研究對自然史博物館及自然史博物館附屬圖書館（室）提出以下幾項建議：一、對自然史博物館博物館：（一）給予充裕的展覽籌備時間；（二）建立自然史博物館館際共享之藏品資料庫；（三）提供專業策展訓練。二、對自然史博物館附屬圖書館（室）的建議：（一）定期進行使用者需求調查；（二）加強圖書館（室）資源及服務宣導；（三）建置自然史專業領域文獻資料庫。

This study employed a qualitative semi-structured interviews approach to gain the data for analyzing the information needs and characteristics, information seeking behavior and variables, and the situation of information use of the natural history museums curators; consequently, the information behavior models of the curators in the natural history museum were generalized. This study may be of important in understanding the information behaviors of natural history museum curators when they plan exhibitions. The results of the research yielded positive evidence as follows: 1. About the information needs of the natural history museums curators: (1) There was a high correlation between information needs and work tasks. (2) The information needs were different for different cases. (3) There were complex factors to affect the characteristic of the curators’ information needs. (4) The information needs of the curators were continually varied. 2. About the curators’ information seeking: (1) There were multiple information channels for the curators; particularly, the personal knowledge and interpersonal relationship were the most important resources among the channels. (2) There were various types of the curators’ information seeking. (3) There were some factors to affect on the curators choosing information; particularly, the curators focused on the data validity, availability, adaptability and quality. They also evaluated the availability, timeliness, and expenses of information. 3. About the curators’ information use: (1) The exhibitions were the most important information yield. (2) The frequent methods of information reuse were submitting a piece of writing for publication and publishing. According to the research results, this study proposes some suggestions below: 1. Suggestions for natural history museums: (1) To offer the abundant period for preparing the exhibitions. (2) To establish a database to share the information on collections between natural history museums. (3) To provide the professional training for planning the exhibitions. 2. Suggestions for the libraries of the natural history museums: (1) To investigate the users’ needs at regular period. (2) To enhance the promotion of the resources and services of the libraries. (3) To establish the A&I and/or full-text database for the professional domain of natural history documents.