臺北縣百年小學學校建築與管理之研究

Abstract

台灣有許多學校正朝向永續發展的教學環境，本研究探討台北縣百年以上國民小學中學校建築與管理相關問題。研究之主要目的包括建築永續－瞭解台北縣百年校園中建築保留之現況，以及調查校園內古蹟與歷史建築及文物保留情形及透過文件分析對學校中歷史的建築保留之問題。 研究對象以教育部公佈已超過一百年以上之台北縣國民小學，共二十五所，研究方法採用描述性之質性研究法，調查類型包括群體普查及內容分析與訪問調查。研究分析著重在整理台北縣百年小學校史、重要建築年表、分析學校建築、訪談管理相關人員、以及探討目前歷史建築和古蹟在學校保存再利用的情形。 台北縣百年小學學校建築被保留再利用的價值，具有文化永續與建築永續意義。本研究探討並歸納學校建築脈絡與建築特色，學校建築特色包含校園規劃、空間機能、建築外觀和建築色彩，永續校園的經營已經深入校園，學校團隊的態度和學校領導者的理念皆會影響校園永續發展，校園應保有其多樣性，建築、植物、生態亦應被尊重，百年小學裡擁有古蹟或歷史建築，可呈現不同的文化永續，有了古蹟或歷史建築才具有發展的本質，以及傳承文化的意涵。Many schools in Taiwan are moving toward a learning environment of sustainable development. This study explores the century-old elementary schools in Taipei County, and investigates the issues of “restoration and conservation of ecological environments”, “sustainable building”, “energy saving and reduction of CO2 emission”, “healthy building”, “sustainable base”, and “resources recycling”. The main goals of the study include sustainable building—understanding the conservation of buildings in century-old elementary schools in Taipei County, investigating the conservation of antiquities, historic buildings, and relics, and analyzing the issues of conservation of historic buildings in the schools. There were 25 elementary schools, with over 100-years old history, participated in the current study. The qualitative method was applied with the involvements of general survey of the group, content analysis, and interviews. The analysis of the study focused on digesting the history of the century-old schools in Taipei County, compiling chronicles of important buildings, analyzing school buildings, interviewing related management personnel, and exploring the conservation and reuse of historic buildings and antiquities in the schools. The conservation and reuse of the buildings in century-old elementary schools in Taipei County are significant in the sustainability of culture and construction. The study explored and concluded the context and characteristics of the school buildings. The characteristics include campus arrangement, spatial functions, and facades and colors of the buildings. The management of sustainable campus has now taken roots in schools. Both the attitudes of school staff and the philosophy of school leaders can influence the sustainable development of schools. The diversity of campuses should be reserved, and the buildings, plants, and ecologies should also be respected. The antiquities and historic buildings in century-old elementary schools can present different cultural sustainability. It was concluded that the essence of development and implications of cultural inheritance cannot exist without proper antiquities or historic buildings in the campus.