桌球直拍橫打與反手抽球之生物力學分析

Abstract

本研究以生物力學的方法，分析八位直拍橫打與八位橫拍反手的選手抽球的擊球動作，並比較兩者在運動學參數上的差異。受試者以男子甲組桌球選手使用反手抽下旋及上旋球至直線及斜線兩落點，利用高速數位攝影機(VICON MX-13+)進行動作和球體影像之擷取，以VISUAL 3D軟體計算關節角度及角速度，並以無母數之Mann-Whitney檢定，比較兩種握拍技術的運動學參數差異，顯著水準訂為α＝.05。結果發現，回擊下旋來球的斜線抽球，橫拍觸球瞬間速度快於直拍橫打；直拍橫打揮拍期時間較橫拍長，接擊上旋球回擊直線所產生的球速，橫拍球速快於直拍橫打；直拍橫打在接擊下旋球時拍面傾角小於橫拍。上肢關節角度方面，因揮拍期肘、腕關節的差異，使得直拍橫打揮拍軌跡較為向上，橫拍的揮拍軌跡較為向前。下肢部分，因直拍橫打的髖關節轉動及移動的角度較小，更符合於近檯快攻打法，而橫拍動作較大之外，發力也較為順暢，更適合遠檯反手抽球。角速度方面最大差異在於，橫拍肘、腕關節在觸球瞬間旋外的速度快於直拍橫打，因此造成擊球效果之差異。未來可進行，直拍橫打檯內球擰、挑揮拍動作及結合動作之相關研究。

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematical variables between table tennis reverse pen-hold and the shake-hand grips backhand drive movements. Six reverse pen-hold grip and eight shake-hand grip elite table tennis players served as the participants. The players performed the backhand drives after receiving the topspin and the backspin shots from the server to hit the ball to the diagonal and the straight directions. Ten Vicon Motion Capture systems MX13+ (250Hz) were used to collect the 3D kinematics data of the participants, the kinematic parameters was calculated with the Vicon Nexus 1.4 and Visual 3D software. The data was tested by using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U at a .05 significant level and calculated by SPSS 19.0 software. The results showed: when returning backspin shots in diagonal path, the racket velocity of the shake-hand grip was greater at the contact point; the pen-hold racket took more time in the swing stage; the racket title angle of the pen-hold racket was smaller than that of the shake-hand grip. In terms of the joint angle and angular velocity, the results showed: due to the differences in elbow and wrist during swing, the pen-hold racket moved upward whereas the shake-hand grip moved forward; the hip angle of the pen-hold-racket players was less than that of the shake-hand grip players, the supination rotation angle of elbow and wrist in the shake-hand grip players was greater than that in the pen-hold-racket players at the contact point.