台北探索館展示與成人觀眾參觀行為之研究

Abstract

「台北探索館」運用各式展示媒體讓觀眾與展示品互動，呈現台北的歷史與生活面向。國內與觀眾行為研究相關的碩士論文多以科學類型博物館為範圍，針對社會歷史類博物館之研究僅有少數。本研究目的在於探討「台北探索館」的展示方式與成人觀眾的參觀行為，以提供社會歷史類博物館展示設計的參考。 本研究以台北探索館「時空對話廳」展示及入館參觀的成人觀眾為研究對象，研究進行時間為2008 年3 月至5月。在展示設計方面，以內容分析法分析本研究場域各展示單元之展示媒體與符號、展示內容及其策略，以及與觀眾互動的類型；成人觀眾參觀行為方面，以非參與觀察法記錄120組成人觀眾的參觀行為後，再以半結構式訪談法抽樣10組樣本進行訪談，以探討本館展示對成人觀眾參觀的吸引力、持續力，以及參觀行為等現象。 依據展示設計分析與成人觀眾行為之發現，本研究歸納以下結論： 一、展示主題與單元之吸引力與持續力相關，但非絕對相關。 二、展示單元會因展示媒體與符號之不同而影響吸引力與持續力。 （一）觀眾互動程度高的展示媒體吸引力與持續力較高 （二）提供觀眾感官刺激的展示媒體可增加吸引力與持續力 （三）展示符號的性質不同影響吸引力與持續力 三、各展示策略之差異吸引之成人觀眾類型不同。 四、成人觀眾多為視覺行為參觀，並受到個人、社會與環境脈絡的影響。 最後，在實務方面建議展示設計應加強滿足成人觀眾參觀需求、重視符合成人觀眾博物館學習特質、增加引導成人觀眾與展示互動的線索，以及注意互動式展示設備的維修保養；而在後續研究方面，建議可以量化方式進行問卷調查，瞭解成人觀眾對本研究場域的參觀需求與建議，並將研究範圍擴大至其他社會歷史類型的博物館。

“The Discovery Center of Taipei” provides various types of exhibitions for visitors to interact with to present the history and life facts of Taipei. In Taiwan, the majority of master’s theses related to the audience behavior took the scientific type of museum as a research area; only few researches focuses on social historical type of museums. The purpose of this study is to explore the exhibitions and the adult visitors’ behavior in “The Discovery Center of Taipei” in order to improve the exhibitions of social history museums. This study took the “Dialogue with Time Hall” at The Discovery Center of Taipei as the research area between March to May 2008. This study used content analysis in the exhibition aspect and also used nonparticipant observation and semi-structured interview to get the attracting power and holding power of adult visitors for each exhibition. Adult visitors’ behavior is understood, too. The findings of this study are: (1) There are some relationships between the attracting power and holding power of exhibitions. (2) Different exhibitions affect attracting power and holding power. The exhibitions which adult visitors can interact with or provide highly sense stimulate can get higher attracting power and holding power. (3) Different type of exhibit strategies attract different kind of adult visitors. (4) Adult visitors’ behavior is mostly in the visual behavior, and is influenced by personal, social and physical contexts. According to the findings, this study makes the following suggestions： (1) At the suggestions to the practice: to satisfy the need of adult visitors; to value adult visitors’ learning characters in museums; to improve the cues to hint adult visitors to interact with the exhibitions; to maintain the operation of the international exhibitions. (2) At the suggestions to the future researches: to gain quantification data to explore the adult visitors’ demographic characteristics and preferences and to broaden the research scope to social history museums.