家庭環境、親子互動時間與三歲幼兒螢幕時間之關聯研究

Abstract

隨著資訊科技的發展，各式電子產品充斥在當代生活中，使用者年齡面臨低齡化的趨勢。然而，國內針對幼兒螢幕時間之研究較缺乏以代表性樣本進行分析，與幼兒生活最緊密的家庭環境、親子互動時間與幼兒螢幕時間的研究更是付諸闕如。因此，本研究旨在探討家庭環境、親子互動時間與幼兒螢幕時間的關聯。研究方法運用2016年「臺灣幼兒發展資料庫」，蒐集臺灣三歲幼兒資料，選取受訪幼兒之親生父母為樣本，並刪除遺漏值後，共計1876份，以結構方程模型分析家庭社經地位、家庭環境及假日親子互動時間與幼兒螢幕時間的結構方程模型關係。研究結果發現如下： 一、幼兒螢幕時間情形 幼兒平均一天的電視時間是94.51分鐘；而電腦、平板電腦和手機等其他電子產品的使用時間為平均一天41.45分鐘，加總後的螢幕時間為平均一天135.57分鐘。 二、家庭社經地位、家庭環境、假日親子互動時間及幼兒螢幕時間之關聯 （一）家庭社經地位分別與家庭環境、假日親子互動時間有顯著關係，家庭社經地 位愈高，幼兒家庭環境愈豐富；假日親子互動時間也愈長。 （二）家庭社經地位與幼兒螢幕時間有顯著關係，家庭社經地位愈高，幼兒螢幕時 間愈短。 （三）家庭環境、假日親子互動時間分別與幼兒螢幕時間有顯著關係，家庭環境愈 豐富；假日親子互動時間愈長，幼兒螢幕時間愈短。 （四）家庭環境、假日親子互動時間分別對家庭社經地位與幼兒螢幕時間的關係中 有中介機制，家庭社經地位愈高，進而家庭環境愈豐富；假日親子互動時 間愈長，皆能使幼兒螢幕時間愈少。With the development of new technologies, people use electronic gadgets more all day long. Importantly, young children may be the frequent users. But little was known about the relation among the screen time of children to the family environment and parent-child interaction time, which was both closely related to children’s life, by using a nationally representative sample in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to exam the relation among family environment, parent-child interaction time and the screen time of 3-year-old children. The data used in this study were from the Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development& Care(KIT), which surveyed at 2016. The selected samples comprised 1876 parents with 3-year-old children. The study used Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) to test model by AMOS 22 software. The results indicated the following findings. 1.Screen time of children Children watched TV for 94.51 minutes/day and used other screen media technologies like computers, tablets, smart phones for 41.54 minutes/day. And the total screen time was 135.57 minutes/day. 2. Relation among the family socioeconomicstatus, the family environment, parent-child interaction time and the screen time of 3-year-old children. (1) The results showed that the family socioeconomic status had significant direct effect on both the family environment of children and the parent-child interaction time. When the family socioeconomic status was high, the family environment of children provided more opportunities for exploring, and the parent-child interaction time was longer as well. (2)This study indicated that the family socioeconomic status had significant direct effect on the screen time of children. When the family socioeconomic status was high, children had less screen time. (3)This study demonstrated that both the family environment of children and the parent-child interaction time had significant direct effect on the screen time of children. When the family environment of children provided more opportunities for exploring, children had less screen time. Additionally, when the parent-child interaction time were longer, and children had less screen time. (4)The mediating effect of children’s family environment and the parent-child interaction time existed on the path in affecting the screen time of children by the family socioeconomic status. In other words, with higher family socioeconomic status, and the family environment of children provided more opportunities for exploring as well as the parent-child interaction time was longer, then children had less screen time.