台北市國中教師自覺疲勞感與職業壓力、健康生活型態之相關研究

Abstract

摘要

本研究主要目的為瞭解國中教師的自覺疲勞感及職業壓力、健康生活形態，探討其自覺疲勞感是否因職業壓力、健康生活形態及個人背景變項不同而有差異，並進一步分析國中教師的職業壓力、健康生活形態對自覺疲勞感的影響。本研究採群集取樣，以台北市十所國中全體教師為樣本，於95年3-4月間以自填式問卷方式進行施測，得有效樣本760名，回收率74.9％。所得資料以描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、薛費法事後檢定、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸等方法進行分析。重要研究結果歸納如下： 一、教師職業壓力各層面以「工作量」所感受到的壓力最大；健康生活型態程度最低分為「運動狀況」；自覺疲勞感程度最高為「身體局部異常疲勞感狀態」。 二、在職業壓力的某些層面上會因性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、工作年資與擔任職務之不同而有顯著差異。 三、在健康生活型態的某些層面上會因性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、工作年資與擔任職務之不同而有顯著差異。 四、在自覺疲勞感的某些層面上會因性別、年齡、工作年資與擔任職務之不同而有顯著差異。 五、整體職業壓力與整體健康生活型態具有顯著相關，大致而言職業壓力越高者，健康生活型態越低。 六、不同職業壓力及健康生活型態的國中教師均顯示，高職業壓力組其自覺疲勞感高於中職業壓力，又高於低職業壓力組；高健康生活型態組其自覺疲勞感低於中健康生活型態，又低於低健康生活型態組。 七、職業壓力與健康生活型態可解釋「整體自覺疲勞感」46.0%變異量。其中「睡眠狀況」、「工作量」、「專業不適任感」、「個人發展」與「組織氣氛」為預測自覺疲勞感之最佳因子。 依據研究結果，本研究乃針對教師、學校、教育、衛生機關提出若干建議，以作為未來教師職場健康促進實務及研究之參考。 關鍵字：教師、職業壓力、健康生活型態、自覺疲勞感 The main purpose of this study was to understand the self-fatigue, the vocational stress and the health life style of junior high school teachers and to discuss whether the self-fatigue is affected by the vocational stress, the health life style and the demography variables. The sample was selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires.

The major findings of this study were as follows: 1.‘Workload’ was the most stressful among the vocational stress of teachers. ‘Exercise’ situation had the lowest score in the health life style. And ‘body partial abnormal fatigue’ had the highest score in the self-fatigue. 2.In the some aspect of the vocational stress, sex, age, marriage, level of education, seniority and job had significance difference. 3.In the some aspect of the health life style, sex, age, marriage, religion, level of education, seniority and job had significance difference. 4.In the some aspect of the self-fatigue, sex, age, seniority and job had significance difference. 5.There were statistically significance relationships between the vocational stress and the health life style. Roughly speaking, if the vocational stress score become higher, and then the health life style score would become lower. 6.The higher vocational stress score, the higher self-fatigue score will have. And the lower health life style score, the lower self-fatigue score will have. 7.The vocational stress and the health life style could explain the variance of the self-fatigue amount to 46.0%. The best forecast factors were workload, professional unsuitable, sleep situation, individual development and organization conditions.

Base on these finding, this study provided suggestions for teachers, schools, educational institutes and health institutes and would be a reference to some researches of teachers health promotion in the future.

Key words：teachers、vocational stress、health life style、self-fatigue